Questions and Answers
What term did Auguste Comte invent to define the study of society?
Which philosopher's work contributed to the early study of social science in the 18th century?
What socio-economic system began to dominate western and northern Europe in the 18th century?
What social issues developed due to accelerated urbanization and population growth in the second half of the 18th century?
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Which figure did NOT influence the development of social science in the 19th century?
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The revival of interest in social science occurred in which century?
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What kind of developments did Montesquieu and Voltaire contribute to?
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What was a significant consequence of the social reforms targeting the issues arising from urbanization in the 18th century?
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What type of works proliferated in the second half of the 18th century as a response to societal issues?
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During which century did social science attain a firm position in leading European countries?
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Study Notes
Distinctive Characteristics of Social Science
- Focuses on man as both an individual being and a social being.
History of Social Science
- Studied significantly beginning in 1760 with the publication of influential works.
- Key texts include Hobbes’ "Leviathan," Locke’s "Two Treatises on Government," Vico’s "New Science," and Montesquieu’s "Spirit of Laws."
- Mid-18th century saw a revival of interest in social science coinciding with the rise of capitalism in Western and Northern Europe.
- Urbanization and population growth accelerated in the late 18th century, leading to social issues such as slums and alcoholism that called for social reforms.
- The late 18th century featured a rise in scientifically characterized works addressing social issues.
Contributions of Key Figures
- Auguste Comte (1798-1857) coined the term "sociology" and systematically analyzed the principles of social sciences.
- Montesquieu and Voltaire introduced new methodologies in politics and history.
19th Century Development
- By the early 19th century, social science secured a firm status across leading European nations.
- Proposals for a generalized social science emerged in the 20th century.
- Comte's contributions were promptly accepted, influencing prominent sociologists like Émile Durkheim in the late 19th and early 20th century.
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Description
Explore the distinctive characteristics of social science, focusing on man as both an individual and a social being. This quiz also covers the historical context and significant works by thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, Vico, and Montesquieu that shaped the field during the 18th century.
