Characteristics of Plants

Characteristics of Plants

• Plants are living things that grow, reproduce, and respond to changes in the environment.
• They are multicellular, made up of many eukaryotic cells with well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
• Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made primarily of cellulose, in addition to the cell membrane.
• Plants are autotrophic (self-feeding), using the green pigment chlorophyll to absorb sunlight and produce their own food.
• They are sessile, remaining fixed at one place, firmly anchored to the soil by their root.
• Plants practice both asexual and sexual reproduction patterns.

Types of Plants

• Flowering plants (Angiosperms) have well-developed root, stem, and leaves, and produce seeds within a fruit.
• Non-flowering plants (Gymnosperms) have well-developed root, stem, and leaves, but reproduce using cones and produce naked seeds.
• Non-vascular plants (Mosses and Liverworts) are small, seedless, and do not have flowers, fruits, or transporting vessels.

Structure and Function of Plant Parts

• The shoot system includes organs such as stem, branches, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits.
• The root system includes the primary or tap root, lateral or branch roots, root hairs, and root cap.
• Roots are distinguished from underground stems in that they don't bear leaves or buds.
• Leaves have a petiole (leaf stalk), lamina (leaf blade), and veins that transport water, nutrients, and food.
• Roots have a root cap, root hairs, and absorbing regions that absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Learn about the key features of plants, including their cell structure, autotrophic nature, and ability to respond to their environment. Understand the characteristics that define plants and set them apart from other living things.