Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the fundamental unit of life that carries out metabolic activity?
What is the fundamental unit of life that carries out metabolic activity?
What is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?
What is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?
What is the term for the group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function?
What is the term for the group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function?
Which organ system is responsible for detecting internal and external signals and coordinating physiological responses?
Which organ system is responsible for detecting internal and external signals and coordinating physiological responses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to form a specific complex function?
What is the term for the structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to form a specific complex function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which system is responsible for the production of gametes and sex steroids?
Which system is responsible for the production of gametes and sex steroids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process by which hereditary information is used to generate biomolecules?
What is the term for the process by which hereditary information is used to generate biomolecules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which system is responsible for the conditioning of the blood, regulation of plasma volume, and excretion?
Which system is responsible for the conditioning of the blood, regulation of plasma volume, and excretion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the three basic components shared by all cells?
What is the term for the three basic components shared by all cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which system is responsible for the coordinated digestion of food matter and nutrient absorption?
Which system is responsible for the coordinated digestion of food matter and nutrient absorption?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of anabolism in metabolism?
What is the primary function of anabolism in metabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment?
What is the term for the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment?
Signup and view all the answers
At which level of organization are cells with distinct functions found?
At which level of organization are cells with distinct functions found?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process of producing energy and using it to do things?
What is the term for the process of producing energy and using it to do things?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the ability of an organism to sense and react to stimuli in the environment?
What is the term for the ability of an organism to sense and react to stimuli in the environment?
Signup and view all the answers
At which level of organization are multiple organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose found?
At which level of organization are multiple organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose found?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the replication of cells for growth and repair at the cellular level?
What is the term for the replication of cells for growth and repair at the cellular level?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the lowest level of organization in the body, consisting of the atoms and molecules that make up the basic components of the cell?
What is the lowest level of organization in the body, consisting of the atoms and molecules that make up the basic components of the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Characteristics of Living Things
- Energy production and consumption involve metabolism, which is the sum of chemical reactions that drive life functions
- Metabolism includes anabolism (building large molecules from small molecules) and catabolism (breaking large molecules into small molecules)
- Growth and repair involve increasing size and specialization, as well as mechanisms to fix malfunctioning cells
- Adaptation involves responsiveness to stimuli and homeostasis, which is the ability to maintain a constant internal environment
- Reproduction involves replication of cells for growth and repair, as well as creating new organisms
Levels of Organization in the Body
- Chemical Level: atoms and molecules that make up the basic components of the cell
- Cellular Level: basic building blocks of tissues with distinct functions and unique positions in the body
- Tissue Level: made up of similar cells with a common function, including epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissues
- Organ Level: two or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body
- System Level: multiple organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
- Organismal Level: represents the sum total of the structural levels working together to promote life
Cell Theory
- All living organisms are comprised of one or more cells
- Cells are the fundamental unit of life, carrying out metabolic activity and biological work
- Cells originate only from preexisting cells, and hereditary information is used to generate biomolecules for reproduction
Cells: The Living Unit of Life
- Cells are the building blocks of tissue and have the machinery to maintain homeostasis
- All cells have three basic shared components: membrane, genetic material, and cytosolic fluid
- Human cells also have membrane-bound organelles, leading to compartmentalization and complexity, and gene expression leading to specialization
Cell Differentiation
- Development of specific and distinctive features and functions in cells
- Typically irreversible, with cells differentiating during early development to perform specialized functions
Tissues
- Group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function
- Four basic types: epithelial (covering), connective (support), muscle (movement), and nervous (control)
- Most organs combine all four tissue types, and their arrangement determines organ structure and capabilities
Organs
- A structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to form a specific complex function
- Each tissue must work together to accomplish the function
Organ Systems
Integumentary System
- Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands
- Protection, defense, and body temperature regulation
Nervous System
- Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- Detection of internal and external signals and coordination of physiological responses
Musculoskeletal System
- Bone, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
- Movement, support, protection, and blood cell production
Respiratory System
- Nasal passage, trachea, and lungs
- Route of entry for air and regulation of gas levels in blood
Cardiovascular System
- Heart, blood vessels, and blood
- Movement of blood through the body to carry materials
Immune and Lymphatic Systems
- Lymphoid tissues, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and immunocytes
- Defense against pathogens and return of lymphatic fluid to blood
Endocrine System
- Hormone-secreting glands (thyroid, pancreas, pituitary, adrenal, and parathyroid)
- Coordination of growth, metabolism, reproduction, and physiological homeostasis
Urinary System
- Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
- Conditioning of the blood, regulation of plasma volume, and excretion
Digestive System
- Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
- Coordinated digestion of food matter and nutrient absorption
Reproductive System
- Production of gametes, sex steroids, and subsequent embryonic development
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the fundamental characteristics of living organisms, including energy production and consumption, growth and repair, and adaptation. Understand the basics of metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism, and how living things respond to their environment.
