30 Questions
What does the term 'infectivity' refer to in the context of agents of disease?
Ability to gain access and adapt to the human host
How is 'virulence' defined when discussing agents of disease?
Severity of the reaction produced by the agent
What is the difference between direct and indirect transmission of infectious agents?
Direct transmission involves immediate transfer to a receptive portal of entry, while indirect transmission involves a vehicle or vector.
What are the two types of indirect transmission of diseases?
Vehicle-borne and Vector-borne
How are airborne diseases transmitted?
Through dissemination of microbial aerosols to a suitable portal of entry, typically the respiratory tract
What are some host factors that can influence disease?
Age, Sex, Race
Define epidemiology.
Study the occurrence and distribution of diseases as well as distribution of determinants of health state or events in specified population and the application of this study to control health problems.
What did C.E.A. Winslow call epidemiology?
The diagnostic discipline of public health.
What does epidemiology study in terms of diseases?
The behavior of disease in the community rather than in individual patients, including the study of reservoirs and sources of human disease.
What does epidemiology do when they detect an epidemic?
They ask who, when, and where questions.
What is the significance of notifiable disease surveillance?
It is surveillance made by the government to detect diseases before many people start dying.
What is the etymology of the term 'epidemic'?
Derived from the Greek word 'upon the people', meaning leading the people.
What is the ultimate goal of epidemiology?
To control and prevent the spread of disease
What are the two main areas of investigation in epidemiology?
- Describing the distribution of health status based on various factors. 2. Analyzing patterns of disease distribution in terms of causal factors.
What are the three factors studied in the epidemiology of any disease or event?
Agent, Host, Environment
What are some of the uses of epidemiology?
- Studying the history of the health population. 2. Diagnosing the health of the community. 3. Analyzing the work of health services for improvement. 4. Estimating disease risks. 5. Describing the clinical features of chronic diseases. 6. Investigating the causes of health and disease.
What is an agent in the epidemiology of disease?
Any element, substance, or force that can initiate or perpetuate a disease process.
What types of agents can contribute to disease processes?
Living or non-living things
What is the purpose of strict isolation?
To prevent transmission of highly contagious or virulent infections.
When is respiratory isolation used?
To prevent transmission of infectious diseases through the air over short distances.
What is the purpose of Enteric Precautions?
To prevent infections transmitted by direct or indirect contact with feces or purulent material.
In which category of isolation are patients with pulmonary tuberculosis placed?
Tuberculosis isolation (AFB isolation)
What is the purpose of Drainage/secretion Precautions?
To prevent infections transmitted by direct or indirect contact with purulent material or drainage from an infected body site.
Why are Blood/body fluid Precautions implemented?
To prevent infections transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected blood or body fluids.
What is the purpose of quarantine?
To prevent disease transmission during the incubation period of infection.
What is the difference between Absolute Quarantine and Modified Quarantine?
Absolute Quarantine limits the movement of those exposed for the longest incubation period, while Modified Quarantine selectively limits the freedom of movement of contacts.
What are the two main phases in the pathogenesis of a disease?
Pre-pathogenesis and Pathogenesis.
List three requirements for the successful invasion of a host by an infectious agent.
Suitable reservoirs, a susceptible host, and a satisfactory portal of entry.
What is the period of pre-pathogenesis of a disease?
The phase before the agent affects humans.
How many categories of quarantine are mentioned in the text?
Two categories: Absolute or Complete Quarantine, Modified Quarantine.
Explore the inherent characteristics and environmental relationships of disease agents, including physical features, biological requirements, chemical compositions, and modes of transmission. This quiz covers living and non-living entities that can cause diseases.
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