13 Questions
What determined one’s slave status in African slavery?
War
Which statement best describes the African slavery in comparison to American slavery?
Not as harsh
What did the slaves retain despite being enslaved?
Some rights
Why was the genesis of Africans as a New World people the result of forcible capture?
Forcible capture
When did Africans first arrive in the Western Hemisphere according to the text?
Before 1619
What distinguished African slavery from American slavery in terms of determining one's slave status?
War
In African slavery, what was a significant factor in determining the slave status?
Physical strength
What key distinction existed between the treatment of children in African slavery compared to American slavery?
Children were sold separately in America
What aspect of intermarriage was allowed for slaves based on ethnic differences?
Intermarriage within the same ethnic group only
How did the arrival of the Ndongans from Angola shape the history of Black America?
'The Ndongans became the founding generation of Black America.'
What fate did the Ndongans suffer after being kidnapped by the Imbangala?
'They were shipped to the Americas as slaves.'
Why were the Ndongans on a ship named San Juan Bautista headed for Vera Cruz?
'To be sold as slaves in Vera Cruz.'
'Swapped '20 and odd Negroes' for victual from the colonists' implies that:
'The colonists traded goods for slaves.'
Study Notes
Slavery Across Civilizations
- Almost every civilization and ethnic group practiced slavery in one form or another.
- Slavery existed in Africa before it became a major enterprise in Europe.
Characteristics of African Slavery
- War, not race, determined one’s slave status.
- Slavery in Africa was not as harsh as American slavery.
- Children could not be sold into slavery.
- Slaves could intermarry and retained some rights.
- Slave status was often based on ethnic differences.
The Genesis of Africans in the New World
- The Atlantic slave trade affected tens of millions of individuals personally.
- It shaped the history of the Americas.
The First Africans in the Americas
- In August 1619, twenty ethnic Ndongans from Angola in West Central Africa landed at Jamestown.
- They were captured by the Imbangala, allies of the Portuguese.
- They were initially on a ship called the San Juan Bautista, headed for Vera Cruz.
- The San Juan was raided by two British ships, one of which was the White Lion.
- The White Lion landed at Jamestown, and the Africans were traded for victuals from the colonists.
- These twenty individuals became Black America’s founding generation.
- They were closer in status to white indentured servants, who could become free.
African American History
- African American history begins in Virginia, before the arrival of the Mayflower in Massachusetts in 1620.
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of African slavery, including how slave status was determined, differences between African slavery and American slavery, rights of slaves, and the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on the creation of New World people.
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