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Questions and Answers
What did Alexander Cunningham conclude about the seal discovered during his excavations at Harappa?
What did Alexander Cunningham conclude about the seal discovered during his excavations at Harappa?
- It was inscribed with writing from the 4th century BCE.
- It was a foreign seal due to the absence of a hump on the bull depicted. (correct)
- It was a seal used by the local rulers of Harappa.
- It belonged to the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great.
Which of the following best describes Alexander Burnes' understanding of the significance of Harappa during his visit?
Which of the following best describes Alexander Burnes' understanding of the significance of Harappa during his visit?
- He identified it as a key archaeological site for the East India Company.
- He thought it was the location of a major battle between Alexander and Porus.
- He believed it was just an ordinary village without any historical significance.
- He found it to be an important site but was clueless about its precise significance. (correct)
Why were the mounds of Harappa badly disturbed when Alexander Cunningham revisited in 1872?
Why were the mounds of Harappa badly disturbed when Alexander Cunningham revisited in 1872?
- Railway contractors were extracting free bricks from the site. (correct)
- Natural erosion had caused significant damage to the mounds.
- Tribal invaders had looted the remains from the mounds.
- Excavations by previous archaeologists had disrupted the site.
Why were the officers of the Archaeological Survey of India unenthusiastic about Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the early 20th century?
Why were the officers of the Archaeological Survey of India unenthusiastic about Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the early 20th century?
What is one of the significant differences between Harappan sites mentioned in the text?
What is one of the significant differences between Harappan sites mentioned in the text?
Which site had a very low percentage of black-on-red Harappan pottery finds?
Which site had a very low percentage of black-on-red Harappan pottery finds?
What was a feature of the mud-brick platforms in the southern part of the citadel complex at Kalibangan?
What was a feature of the mud-brick platforms in the southern part of the citadel complex at Kalibangan?
According to Leshnik, what did he suggest the dockyard at Lothal was actually?
According to Leshnik, what did he suggest the dockyard at Lothal was actually?
Why are recent excavations at Harappan sites significant?
Why are recent excavations at Harappan sites significant?
What do the debates about the Harappan civilization reflect according to the text?
What do the debates about the Harappan civilization reflect according to the text?
What was John Marshall's role in the discovery of the Indus or Harappan civilization?
What was John Marshall's role in the discovery of the Indus or Harappan civilization?
What was the significance of Marshall's announcement of the Indus or Harappan civilization discovery?
What was the significance of Marshall's announcement of the Indus or Harappan civilization discovery?
What did Childe consider as the result and symbol of a new economic stage in society?
What did Childe consider as the result and symbol of a new economic stage in society?
According to Childe, what characterized the city as a symbol of revolution?
According to Childe, what characterized the city as a symbol of revolution?
What was one objection raised regarding V.Gordon Childe's criteria for defining cities?
What was one objection raised regarding V.Gordon Childe's criteria for defining cities?
Which ancient civilizations were noted for not having true cities or a system of true writing?
Which ancient civilizations were noted for not having true cities or a system of true writing?
What did Childe identify as the distinguishing characteristics of the first cities?
What did Childe identify as the distinguishing characteristics of the first cities?
'Urbanization' and 'civilization' are often referred to as synonymous because:
'Urbanization' and 'civilization' are often referred to as synonymous because:
'Urbanization' means:
'Urbanization' means:
'Civilization' is more abstract than 'urbanization' because it refers to a specific cultural stage generally associated with:
'Civilization' is more abstract than 'urbanization' because it refers to a specific cultural stage generally associated with:
What is a key advantage of the concentration of population in a city, as mentioned in the text?
What is a key advantage of the concentration of population in a city, as mentioned in the text?
Apart from political decisions and military strategies, what other activities were typically conducted in cities according to the text?
Apart from political decisions and military strategies, what other activities were typically conducted in cities according to the text?
What kind of factors are suggested to have played a role in the emergence of cities?
What kind of factors are suggested to have played a role in the emergence of cities?
What aspect of the emergence of cities does archaeology provide more direct information on?
What aspect of the emergence of cities does archaeology provide more direct information on?
What is one commonality between the emergence of cities and the longer history of human settlements according to the text?
What is one commonality between the emergence of cities and the longer history of human settlements according to the text?
In the context of Harappan civilization studies, why have scholars shifted their focus to smaller settlements?
In the context of Harappan civilization studies, why have scholars shifted their focus to smaller settlements?
What is a key aspect that scholars have acknowledged in recent decades regarding the study of the Harappan civilization?
What is a key aspect that scholars have acknowledged in recent decades regarding the study of the Harappan civilization?
What characteristic did some early archaeologists tend to emphasize when studying Harappan civilization settlements?
What characteristic did some early archaeologists tend to emphasize when studying Harappan civilization settlements?
Which location is NOT mentioned in the text as a site as large or larger than Mohenjodaro and Harappa?
Which location is NOT mentioned in the text as a site as large or larger than Mohenjodaro and Harappa?
What new interpretation strategy has been adopted by scholars regarding the Harappan civilization?
What new interpretation strategy has been adopted by scholars regarding the Harappan civilization?
What is a significant development that has helped in understanding the networks connecting different types of Harappan settlements?
What is a significant development that has helped in understanding the networks connecting different types of Harappan settlements?
What has been a major outcome of recent discoveries about the Harappan civilization?
What has been a major outcome of recent discoveries about the Harappan civilization?
What aspect of city life did Childe highlight as crucial for sustaining cities?
What aspect of city life did Childe highlight as crucial for sustaining cities?
According to Gideon Sjoberg, what played a pivotal role in maintaining the social organization of empires?
According to Gideon Sjoberg, what played a pivotal role in maintaining the social organization of empires?
What did Robert McC.Adams focus on as crucial factors in the emergence of cities?
What did Robert McC.Adams focus on as crucial factors in the emergence of cities?
What was the trade-off between the ruling class and the rest of society according to the text?
What was the trade-off between the ruling class and the rest of society according to the text?
What distinguished cities from villages, according to the text?
What distinguished cities from villages, according to the text?
What was an important role played by cities in relation to agricultural surpluses?
What was an important role played by cities in relation to agricultural surpluses?
How did the ruling elite benefit from the surplus food produced by farmers?
How did the ruling elite benefit from the surplus food produced by farmers?
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