Chapter One Terminology Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the supine general position?

Lying on back, facing upward

What is the prone general position?

Lying on abdomen, facing downward

What does recumbent position refer to?

Lying down in any position (prone, supine, or on side)

Describe the Trendelenburg general position.

A recumbent position with the body tilted with the head lower than the feet Signup and view all the answers

What is the Fowler position?

A recumbent position with the body tilted with the head higher than the feet Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Sims position?

A recumbent oblique position with the patient lying on the left anterior side Signup and view all the answers

What is the lithotomy position?

A recumbent (supine) position with knees and hip flexed and thighs abducted Signup and view all the answers

Define lateral position.

Refers to the side of, or a side view Signup and view all the answers

Explain the oblique position.

An angled position in which neither the sagittal nor the coronal body plane is perpendicular to the image receptor Signup and view all the answers

What are the Left and Right Posterior Oblique (LPO and RPO) Positions?

Oblique positions where the left or right posterior aspect of the body is closest to the image receptor Signup and view all the answers

What does the Right and Left Anterior Oblique (RAO and LAO) Positions refer to?

Oblique positions in which the right or left anterior aspect of the body is closest to the image receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the decubitus position?

The position of lying down, designated according to the surface where the body rests Signup and view all the answers

Describe dorsal decubitus position.

The patient is lying on the dorsal surface with the x-ray beam directed horizontally Signup and view all the answers

What is ventral decubitus position?

The patient is lying on the ventral surface with the x-ray beam directed horizontally Signup and view all the answers

Define axial projection.

Refers to the long axis of a structure or part around which a rotating body turns Signup and view all the answers

Explain tangential projection.

A projection where the central ray skims a body part to project anatomy into profile Signup and view all the answers

What is the AP axial projection—lordotic position?

A specific AP axial chest projection for demonstrating the apices of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What does the transthoracic lateral projection indicate?

Indicates which shoulder is closest to the image receptor Signup and view all the answers

Define an immovable joint.

Synarthrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is an amphiarthrosis joint?

A joint with limited movement Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a diarthrosis joint?

A freely movable joint Signup and view all the answers

What are fibrous joints?

Joints like syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis Signup and view all the answers

Describe cartilaginous joints.

Joints like symphysis and synchondrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is intramembranous ossification?

When bone replaces membranes Signup and view all the answers

Define endochondral ossification.

When bone replaces cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary center of ossification?

Occurs in the midbody area or diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

What are secondary centers of ossification?

Epiphyses Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Positions

Supine Position: Patient lies on back, facing upward.
Prone Position: Patient lies on abdomen, facing downward, with the head possibly turned to one side.
Recumbent Position: Lying down in any orientation (prone, supine, or lateral); includes dorsal (supine), ventral (prone), and lateral (side) positions.
Trendelenburg Position: Body tilted so the head is lower than the feet, typically used in emergency situations.
Fowler Position: Body tilted with the head higher than the feet, often used for patients with respiratory distress.

Specific Positions

Sims Position: Patient lies on left anterior side with right knee flexed; used for certain procedures like rectal exams.
Lithotomy Position: Patient is in a supine position with knees and hips flexed, often seen during gynecological or urological surgeries.
Lateral Position: Side view position; described by the nearest body part to the image receptor (e.g., right lateral).
Oblique Position: Angled position where neither the sagittal nor coronal planes are perpendicular to the image receptor.

Oblique Positions

Left and Right Posterior Oblique (LPO and RPO): Left or right posterior aspect closest to the image receptor.
Right and Left Anterior Oblique (RAO and LAO): Right or left anterior aspect closest to the image receptor.

Decubitus Positions

Right or Left Lateral Decubitus: Patient lies on their side; used to assess air-fluid levels. The position is named based on the dependent side.
Dorsal and Ventral Decubitus Positions: Patient lies on their back (dorsal) or front (ventral) with horizontal x-ray beam.

Projections

Axial Projection: Central ray angled 10° or more along the body's long axis; applicable in various imaging studies.
Tangential Projection: Central ray skims a body part to minimize superimposition, often used for zygomatic arch imaging.

Specialty Projections

AP Axial Projection (Lordotic Position): Specific projection for lung apices, emphasizing anatomical curvature.
Transthoracic Lateral Projection: Right or left lateral position indicating shoulder examination.

Terminology

Interior vs. Exterior: Interior refers to inside, while exterior indicates the outer aspect; prefixes like intra- and exo- denote within and outside, respectively.

Anatomical Concepts

Ossification Types:
- Intramembranous Ossification: Bone formation replacing membranes.
- Endochondral Ossification: Bone formation replacing cartilage.
Centers of Ossification:
- Primary Center: Located in the midbody region.
- Secondary Center: Located in the epiphysis of long bones.

Joint Classifications

Synarthrosis: Immoveable joint type.
Amphiarthrosis: Joint allowing limited movement.
Diarthrosis: Freely movable joint type.
Types of Joints:
- Fibrous Joints: Include syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis.
- Cartilaginous Joints: Include symphysis and synchondrosis.

Bone and Skull Anatomy

Base Plane of Skull: Formed by lines between the infraorbital margins and the external auditory meatus.
Occlusal Plane: Horizontal plane made by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth when jaws are closed.

Imaging Techniques

Wedge Filter: Used to equalize density in images, mainly in thoracic spine and foot imaging.
Trough Filter: Utilized in chest imaging to accommodate varying densities.
Boomerang Filter: Places contrast against the patient to improve soft tissue visualization in shoulder imaging.

Projection Considerations

Always take at least two images at 90° angles to avoid superimposition and to accurately localize lesions or evaluate fractures.
Obtain a minimum of three projections when examining joints.

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Description

This quiz covers key terminology from Chapter One related to general positioning. Each term defines various positions such as supine, prone, and recumbent. Perfect for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of these important concepts.