Chapter 9: Virtualization and Cloud Computing
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Questions and Answers

Which type of hypervisor runs directly on the hardware of a host?

  • Virtual machine manager
  • Type 1 hypervisor (correct)
  • Type 2 hypervisor
  • Hosted hypervisor

Which of the following is not a Type 1 hypervisor?

  • Oracle VM Server
  • Xen
  • Windows Hyper-V (correct)
  • VMware vSphere / ESXi

What is the minimum amount of hard disk space required for each VM on Windows 10 Hyper-V?

  • 20GB
  • 15GB (correct)
  • 10GB
  • 25GB

Which processor feature is required for Windows 10 Hyper-V?

<p>Second Level Address Translation (SLAT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of virtualization provided by VMs?

<p>Isolation between VMs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 2 hypervisors?

<p>Works with host computer for VM creation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum memory requirement for running Windows Virtual PC on Windows 7?

<p>2GB (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Type 2 hypervisor?

<p>Windows Hyper-V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of server virtualization?

<p>Reduced cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes client-side virtualization?

<p>It enables the host machine to run multiple independent guest OS simultaneously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a boot loader in dual booting?

<p>It allows you to choose which OS to boot at startup. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of virtualization software in relation to virtual machines?

<p>To separate physical hardware from virtual machine instances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of client-side virtualization?

<p>Increased power requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypervisor used for in server virtualization?

<p>To create and manage computer resources and multiple VM instances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of traditional server deployment?

<p>Efficient use of idle resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Type 1 hypervisor also known as?

<p>Native hypervisor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the host OS in client-side virtualization?

<p>It runs independently of the guest OS. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does server virtualization help organizations?

<p>By reducing the number of servers required through better resource utilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cloud computing from traditional computing?

<p>Cloud computing separates applications from the hardware. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the following is an outcome of improved disaster recovery in server virtualization. Which is it?

<p>Quicker restoration of services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are virtual machines (VMs)?

<p>They are independent virtual computers that share the host hardware. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does client-side virtualization enable users to do?

<p>Simultaneously run multiple operating systems on a single PC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cloud computing does an organization maintain exclusive access to the resources?

<p>Private cloud (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disadvantage is associated with traditional server deployment?

<p>Single-point of failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key operational hazard associated with shared resources?

<p>Improper design of resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does encapsulation in virtual machines (VMs) allow for?

<p>Simplicity in backup and modification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hardware abstraction benefit virtual machines?

<p>Simplifies maintenance and enables load balancing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does cloud computing differ from virtualization?

<p>Cloud computing separates applications from hardware (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of rapid elasticity in cloud computing?

<p>Provisioning and releasing capabilities with demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does resource pooling in cloud computing entail?

<p>Dynamic assignment based on consumer demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does on-demand self-service in cloud computing allow users to do?

<p>Automatically provision computing capabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one corporate benefit of cloud computing?

<p>Payment only for used processing and storage capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of virtualization in a cloud environment?

<p>It allows for seamless scalability and quick provisioning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cloud computing help mitigate the impact of virus and worm attacks?

<p>Through better control in a virtualized environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cloud service model?

<p>Hardware as a Service (HaaS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of using Software as a Service (SaaS)?

<p>It reduces time and costs associated with software management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does standardization play in cloud computing?

<p>It facilitates the integration of components from multiple vendors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the centralization principle in cloud computing?

<p>Aggregating computing, storage, network, and application resources in central data centers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cloud computing enable users to do?

<p>Access data anywhere and at any time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle enables user-based self-provisioning of IT services?

<p>Automation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows businesses to purchase resources on-demand instead of buying hardware outright?

<p>IaaS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IaaS?

<p>Total reliance on physical hardware (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cloud service model extends IaaS to provide IT as a service?

<p>ITaaS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does UCaaS stand for?

<p>Unified communications as a service (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using XaaS models?

<p>Cost cutting by purchasing services on a subscription basis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a cloud service provider offering IaaS?

<p>Rackspace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model is designed for disaster recovery in the cloud?

<p>DRaaS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)?

<p>To create a uniform learning environment for users (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Virtual Machine (VM)

An independent virtual computer running on a host computer.

Hypervisor

Software that creates and manages resources for virtual machines.

Virtualization

Technology that allows multiple virtual machines on a single host.

Traditional Server Deployment

Using dedicated servers with large resources for apps.

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Server Virtualization

Using one physical server for multiple virtual servers.

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Cloud Computing

Separating applications from hardware, managed by providers.

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VM Images

Saved files of virtual machine states for later use.

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Cloud Infrastructure

The physical systems maintained by a service provider.

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Client-Side Virtualization

Running a virtual machine on a personal computer.

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Host Machine

The physical computer running the virtualization software.

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Host OS

The operating system installed on the host machine.

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Guest OS

The operating system running within the virtual machine.

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Type 1 Hypervisor

A hypervisor that runs directly on the hardware.

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Dual Boot

Ability to run multiple operating systems on one machine.

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VM Partitioning

A single physical computer can run multiple virtual machine instances.

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VM Isolation

Virtual machines are completely separate from each other, even if running on the same host computer.

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Windows Hyper-V Minimum Requirements

The minimum specifications required for running Windows Hyper-V, including host OS, processor, BIOS and RAM.

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SLAT Hypervisor

Hypervisor that takes advantages of Second-Level Address Translation (SLAT) for better performance.

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Hyper-V

Microsoft's virtualization technology that allows multiple virtual machines to operate on a single host.

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Virtual Machine Requirements

Specifications for the virtual machine, which include disk space and other requirements.

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Cloud Computing vs. Virtualization

Cloud computing separates application from hardware; virtualization separates OS from hardware.

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Rapid Elasticity

Cloud computing resources can adjust up or down to meet demand.

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On-Demand Self-Service

Users can access computing resources without human interaction.

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Resource Pooling

Cloud resources are shared among multiple users.

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Broad Network Access

Cloud resources are available over a variety of devices.

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Measured Service

Cloud resource usage is monitored and reported.

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Operational Hazard (Cloud)

Improper design of shared resources (e.g., network bandwidth or disk access) in cloud computing.

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What is the benefit of cloud computing for a company?

Cloud computing allows companies to easily scale their processing and storage capacity up or down as needed, eliminating the need to manage in-house data center equipment.

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How does virtualization help protect a network?

Virtualization creates a more controlled environment, making it easier to manage and isolate potential threats like viruses and worms.

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What is the main advantage of cloud computing for users?

Cloud computing enables users to access data from anywhere, anytime, through any device.

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What is the core principle behind cloud computing?

Cloud computing is based on the principles of centralization, virtualization, automation, and standardization.

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What does SaaS stand for?

SaaS stands for Software as a Service.

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What is a key feature of SaaS?

SaaS applications run directly through a web browser, eliminating the need for downloads or installations.

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How is IaaS different from SaaS?

IaaS, or Infrastructure as a Service, focuses on providing access to basic computing resources like servers, storage, and networking, while SaaS provides applications.

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What is XaaS?

XaaS, or Anything as a Service, is a broad term that encompasses all types of cloud services, including SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.

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IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service. Cloud computing model where a provider offers computing resources like servers, storage, and networking over the internet.

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IaaS Characteristics

Key features of IaaS: Resources are available as a service, cost is based on usage, highly scalable, multiple users share hardware, full control for the organization, and flexible.

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ITaaS

IT as a Service. Extends IaaS to include managing and maintaining IT infrastructure, such as operating systems, applications, and security updates.

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XaaS

Anything as a Service. A broad term encompassing all cloud services, where providers offer various resources on a subscription basis.

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Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

Provides a consistent learning environment for all users by delivering virtual desktops through the cloud.

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Virtual Application Stream

Software delivery on demand. Users access applications through the cloud without installing them locally.

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Cloud Services Examples

Examples of popular cloud service providers: Rackspace, AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Compute Engine.

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Cloud Benefits for Businesses

Businesses gain cost savings, on-demand resources, scalability, and flexibility by utilizing cloud services.

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Study Notes

Chapter 9: Virtualization and Cloud Computing

  • Chapter covers Virtualization and Cloud Computing concepts.
  • Key topics include virtualization and cloud computing.
  • Specific Objectives covered:
    • Installing a virtual machine on a computer.
    • Explaining server virtualization.
    • Installing virtualization software on a computer.
    • Comparing cloud computing concepts.
    • Describing the uses of the cloud.
    • Explaining the characteristics of public, private, hybrid, and community cloud computing.

9.1 Virtualization

  • Virtualization allows a single computer to host multiple virtual computers (VMs).
  • VMs share the host computer's hardware.
  • Virtualization software isolates physical hardware from VMs.
  • VM images can be saved and restarted.
  • Cloud computing separates applications from hardware.
  • Service providers manage cloud infrastructure (e.g., Amazon Web Services (AWS)).
  • Virtualization is fundamental to cloud computing.
  • Traditional server deployment uses dedicated servers with large RAM, powerful CPUs, and multiple large storage devices.
  • Disadvantages of traditional servers are wasted resources, single point of failure, and server sprawl.

Server Virtualization

  • Server virtualization leverages idle resources to reduce server count.
  • A hypervisor program manages computer resources and multiple VM instances.
  • Hypervisors give VMs access to physical hardware (CPUs, memory, disk controllers, and NICs).
  • Each VM runs a complete, separate operating system.

Advantages of Server Virtualization

  • Improves resource utilization.
  • Reduces space requirements.
  • Decreases energy consumption.
  • Lowers costs.
  • Speeds up server provisioning.
  • Enhances server uptime.
  • Improves disaster recovery.
  • Supports legacy systems.

Boot Options

  • Dual boot allows multiple operating systems on a single PC.
  • Each OS needs its own hard drive or partition.
  • The boot loader (boot.ini) lets you choose between operating systems at boot time.
  • Client-side virtualization involves a host machine using its resources to host a virtual machine (guest).
  • A physical host machine handles the guest VM.
  • The guest VM's operating system is separate from the host's.

Client-Side Virtualization

  • Client-side virtualization enables running VMs on a local computer.
  • Allows testing new operating systems and software.
  • Host computer is the physical machine controlled by a user.
  • Host OS is the operating system of the host computer.
  • Guest OS is the operating system running in the VM.
  • Benefits of Client-Side Virtualization:
    • Smaller footprint.
    • Reduced power and AC needs.
    • Centralized management.
    • Lower corporate image costs.
    • Improved user experience.
    • Multiple operating systems on one PC simultaneously.

Type 1 Hypervisors

  • Also known as native hypervisors.
  • Typically used in server virtualization, data centers, and cloud computing.
  • Run directly on hardware, managing resource allocation to VMs.
  • Installed directly onto a server.
  • Examples include VMware vSphere/ESXi, Xen, and Oracle VM Server.

Type 2 Hypervisors

  • Also known as hosted hypervisors.
  • Typically used in client-side virtualization.
  • Work with the host computer to create and use multiple VMs.
  • Don't require management console software.
  • Examples include VMware Workstation, Windows Hyper-V, and Oracle VirtualBox.

Virtual Machine Requirements

  • Specific hardware requirements for different host operating systems are outlined for Windows 10 Pro/Server, and Windows 8/7.

Key Concepts: VM Benefits

  • Partitioning isolates VMs on a host, limiting memory capacity.
  • Isolation keeps VMs separate on the same host, only operational hazards are improper shared resource designs, such as network bandwidth or disk access.
  • Encapsulation describes files and defines resource usage and unique identifiers in VMs.
  • VMs are easy to back up, modify, or duplicate.
  • Hardware abstraction allows easy VM movement between hosts (load balancing).

9.2 Cloud Computing

  • Cloud computing allows application access over the internet, by any device, anywhere.
  • Cloud computing and virtualization are different concepts.
  • Cloud computing separates an application from its hardware, while virtualization separates the operating system from the hardware.
  • Cloud workload types:
    • Physical: one per server, static, manual provisioning.
    • Virtual: many apps per server, mobile, dynamic provisioning.
    • Cloud: multi-tenant per server, elastic, automated scaling.

Cloud Computing Characteristics

  • Rapid elasticity: quickly adjust capabilities up or down as needed.
  • Resource pooling: resources shared among multiple consumers.
  • On-demand self-service: provision computing capabilities without human intervention.
  • Broad network access: available through network access.
  • Measured service: usage monitored and controlled with billing for the resources consumed.

Cloud Computing Benefits

  • Corporate Benefits:
    • Pay only for used processing and storage, easily scale up or down resources.
    • Avoid handling increased data/processing demands.
  • Lab Benefits:
    • Easier virus/worm control in virtualized environments.
  • User Benefits:
    • Data access from anywhere, anytime.

IT Principles that Form the Cloud

  • Centralization consolidates computing, storage, network, and applications in data centers.
  • Virtualization enables scalable and quick provisioning.
  • Automation improves IT service efficiency and reduces time for provisioning of IT services.
  • Standardization facilitates component integration from different vendors.

Cloud Services

  • Cloud service providers offer tailored services (Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Anything as a Service (XaaS)).
  • Each cloud service model offers specific functionalities.

9.3 Chapter Summary

  • Chapter covers server virtualization, software installation and cloud computing concepts.
  • This includes explaining server virtualization and describing cloud uses, as well as public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud characteristics.

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This quiz explores key concepts from Chapter 9 on Virtualization and Cloud Computing. It includes topics like installing virtual machines, server virtualization, and the distinctions between various types of cloud computing. Test your understanding of how these technologies work and their applications.

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