Chapter 9: Meaning of Life Flashcards

Study Notes

Overview of Life's Meaning

Examining the meaning of life is a personal journey; it cannot be undertaken by others.
Confusion about the term "meaning" complicates clear thinking; it can denote both external and internal significance.

External Meaning

Refers to meaning or purpose derived from outside humanity.
It is often assigned by divine entities, a metaphysical order, or universal principles.

Internal Meaning

Pertains to meaning that originates within individuals.
People create meaning by identifying their goals and purposes as valuable and worthwhile.

Principle Answers of Meaning

Two overarching perspectives exist regarding the meaning of life:
- Life is deemed meaningless (pessimistic view).
- Life may possess meaning (optimistic view), categorized into:
  - External meaning.
  - Internal meaning.

Pessimists

Notable pessimists include Tolstoy, Schopenhauer, and Darrow.
Baggini highlights a frequent confusion in discussing life's meaning, where claims of meaninglessness often pertain to external meaning.

Optimism in External Sense

Externalists often adopt a religious perspective, asserting that human life derives meaning through divine plans.
Tolstoy exemplifies this view, believing that finding meaning necessitates a leap of faith.

Optimism in Internalist Sense

Internalists assert that meaningful lives can be achieved independent of divine concepts.
Internalists are divided into:
- Subjectivists: Those who believe they can create their own meaning.
- Objectivists: Those who think meaning is something to be discovered.

Death and Ephemeral Nature

Many philosophers argue that death does not diminish life’s meaning.
The transient nature of human endeavors is viewed as irrelevant to the essence of existence's meaning; a meaningful life retains its value regardless of duration.

Description

Explore key concepts from Chapter 9 about the meaning of life through these informative flashcards. Gain insight into the distinction between internal and external meanings, and understand how personal reflection shapes one's perspective on life's purpose. Ideal for students looking to deepen their understanding of philosophical questions.