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Questions and Answers
What ear problem may result from otosclerosis?
At what age do taste and smell sensitivity start to decrease significantly?
Which type of hearing loss may result from missing pinnas and closed or missing external acoustic meatuses?
What is the term for the fusing of ear ossicles in otosclerosis?
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Which special sense is most acute at birth?
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What is the primary function of the conjunctiva in eye health?
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What developmental stage is associated with critically listening and beginning to imitate sounds?
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What does presbycusis refer to?
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What is the term for a type of hearing loss that may result from otosclerosis?
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What causes congenital ear problems in newborns?
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Study Notes
Special Senses
- Special senses include: smell, taste, sight, hearing, and equilibrium
- Special sense receptors are large, complex sensory organs localized in clusters
The Eye and Vision
- 70% of all sensory receptors are in the eyes
- Each eye has over 1 million nerve fibers carrying information to the brain
- Accessory structures of the eye include:
- Extrinsic eye muscles
- Eyelids
- Conjunctiva
- Lacrimal apparatus
- Eyelids meet at the medial and lateral commissure (canthus)
- Eyelashes have tarsal glands that produce an oily secretion to lubricate the eye
Developmental Aspects of the Special Senses
- Special sense organs are formed early in embryonic development
- Maternal infections during the first 5 or 6 weeks of pregnancy may cause visual abnormalities and sensorineural deafness in the developing child
- Vision requires the most learning and development:
- Newborn infants have poor visual acuity (are farsighted) and lack color vision and depth perception
- The eye continues to grow and mature until age 8 or 9
- Age-related eye issues:
- Presbyopia—“old vision” results from decreasing lens elasticity that accompanies aging
- Causes difficulty to focus for close vision
- Lacrimal glands become less active
- Lens becomes discolored
- Dilator muscles of iris become less efficient, causing pupils to remain constricted
Hearing and Development
- Newborn infants can hear sounds, but initial responses are reflexive
- By the toddler stage, children are listening critically and beginning to imitate sounds as language development begins
- Age-related ear problems:
- Presbycusis—type of sensorineural deafness that may result from otosclerosis
- Otosclerosis—ear ossicles fuse
- Congenital ear problems usually result from missing pinnas and closed or missing external acoustic meatuses
Taste and Smell
- Taste and smell are most acute at birth and decrease in sensitivity after age 40 as the number of olfactory and gustatory receptors decreases
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Description
Learn about the special senses including smell, taste, sight, hearing, and equilibrium in this lecture presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor at Florence-Darlington Technical College. Dive into the details of the eye, vision, and the importance of sensory receptors.
