Questions and Answers
Who was made Secretary of State under George Washington?
Which of the following individuals was Vice President under George Washington?
Who headed the Treasury Department under George Washington?
Alexander Hamilton
What significant report did Alexander Hamilton create in 1791?
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A protective tariff is a tax on goods exported from the country.
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What was the main purpose of the protective tariff?
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Who were the bond speculators?
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What term refers to the idea that the federal government should only exercise powers specifically listed in the Constitution?
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Who designed the federal city of Washington, D.C.?
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Which treaty stated that the British would abandon their western frontier outposts?
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Federalists were supporters of the Washington Administration who favored close relations with France.
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Which group was led by Madison and Jefferson and favored strong state governments?
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What event occurred when Pennsylvania farmers protested taxes on whiskey?
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What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?
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What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
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The XYZ Affair involved American diplomats bribing French officials.
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What was the main outcome of Marbury v. Madison?
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What significant land acquisition occurred in 1803 that doubled the size of the United States?
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Who were the War Hawks?
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What was the Treaty of Ghent known for?
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What was the main goal of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
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Study Notes
Key Figures
- Thomas Jefferson: Served as Secretary of State under George Washington, advocated for strict constructionism.
- John Adams: Vice President under George Washington, played a significant role in early U.S. politics.
- Alexander Hamilton: Headed the Treasury; established economic plans and created the Bank of the U.S., aiming to stabilize the national economy.
- John Jay: The first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, known for drafting a controversial treaty with Britain.
Economic Plans and Policies
- Hamilton's Report on Manufactures (1791): Advocated for tariffs and government subsidies to develop U.S. manufacturing capabilities, a key component of Hamilton's economic strategy.
- Protective Tariff: Tax on imports designed to encourage domestic goods by raising prices on foreign products.
- Bond Speculators: Individuals who bought bonds at half price, seeking to profit from their resale as the value increased.
Political Divisions
- Strict Constructionists: Supported a literal interpretation of the Constitution, opposing the National Bank; Jefferson was a prominent figure among them.
- Federalists: Backed Washington's administration, supported Hamilton's policies, and favored strong relations with Britain.
- Republicans: Led by Madison and Jefferson, promoting agrarian interests and political power for the people, favoring France.
Key Events and Treaties
- Whiskey Rebellion (1794): Pennsylvania farmers protested against whiskey taxes, leading to the deployment of a militia to suppress the uprising.
- Jay's Treaty (1794): Agreement with Britain, which included the withdrawal of British troops from American territories and facilitated trade.
- XYZ Affair (1797): Diplomatic incident leading to an undeclared war with France; U.S. refused to pay bribes demanded by French agents.
Legislative Measures
- Alien and Sedition Acts (1798): Four laws restricting speech and the liberties of non-citizens; allowed deportation of "dangerous" individuals and penalized critical speech against the government.
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798): Responses to the Sedition Acts, asserting states' rights to nullify unconstitutional laws.
Elections and Judicial Development
- Election of 1800: Sherman Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in electoral votes, leading to a House decision that resulted in Jefferson's presidency.
- Judicial Review: Established by the case Marbury v. Madison (1803), allowing courts to determine the constitutionality of laws.
Territorial Expansion
- Louisiana Purchase (1803): Acquisition of land from France that doubled the size of the U.S. for $15 million; facilitated westward expansion.
- Lewis and Clark Expedition: Commissioned by Jefferson to explore the new territory, map routes, and establish American presence.
Conflict and War
- War of 1812: Fought between the U.S. and Britain over trade issues; sometimes termed the second war of independence.
- Battle of New Orleans: Notable victory for U.S. forces led by Andrew Jackson, boosting national pride despite occurring after the war ended.
- Treaty of Ghent (1814): Ended the War of 1812, restoring pre-war boundaries and confirming U.S. sovereignty.
Agreements and Treaties
- Rush-Bagot Agreement: Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes, promoting peace between the U.S. and Britain.
- Pinckney's Treaty: Secured navigation rights on the Mississippi River for U.S. traders and established a boundary with Spanish territories.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key figures from Chapter 8 of 'Give Me Liberty'. This quiz focuses on important leaders such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Alexander Hamilton, highlighting their roles in American history. Use these flashcards to reinforce your understanding of their contributions and significance.
