Chapter 7: The Progressive Era Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Progressives' refer to?

Those who prefer the status quo

Those advocating for change and reform (correct)

Those opposing political reforms

None of the above

What is the Social Gospel Movement?

A reform movement led by Protestant ministers advocating for better living conditions for the urban poor.

What is the Salvation Army?

A Christian church and international charitable organization structured in a quasi-military fashion.

The Temperance Movement was in favor of the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

False Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered consumers?

People who purchase goods and services for personal use. Signup and view all the answers

What were muckrakers known for during the early 20th century?

They wrote exposés of corruption in American society. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ida Tarbell?

An American journalist known for her investigative reporting on the Standard Oil Company. Signup and view all the answers

What is Upton Sinclair famous for?

His 1906 expose of the meatpacking industry, 'The Jungle'. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jacob Riis?

A social reformer and photojournalist known for his book 'How the Other Half Lives'. Signup and view all the answers

What is a settlement house?

A community center located in immigrant neighborhoods providing various services. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jane Addams?

A prominent social reformer and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Woman Suffrage Association?

An organization founded to demand women's right to vote. Signup and view all the answers

What does municipal reform refer to?

Changes in city governments to improve efficiency and honesty. Signup and view all the answers

What are political machines?

Political organizations where a boss commands supporters in exchange for rewards. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a city manager?

An official appointed to manage a city's administration. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Robert La Follette?

A U.S. leader of the Progressive Movement known for supporting reform legislation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a secret ballot?

A voting method that ensures voter anonymity. Signup and view all the answers

What is an initiative in the context of progressive reforms?

A measure allowing voters to petition for a law to be placed on the ballot. Signup and view all the answers

What is a referendum?

A procedure allowing voters to approve or reject a bill. Signup and view all the answers

What does recall mean in politics?

A procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office. Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct primary?

A primary where party members nominate candidates by direct vote. Signup and view all the answers

What did the 17th Amendment establish?

The direct election of senators by the people. Signup and view all the answers

What is women's suffrage?

The right of women to vote and run for electoral office. Signup and view all the answers

What does child labor refer to?

Employment of children in harmful work that limits their childhood. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Susan B. Anthony?

A social reformer and key figure in the women's suffrage movement. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Alice Paul?

A leading suffragist and activist for women's rights. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Theodore Roosevelt?

The 26th president known for his progressive policies and conservation efforts. Signup and view all the answers

What is government regulation?

Laws that control business operations. Signup and view all the answers

What was Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program known as?

The Square Deal. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Coal Strike of 1902 about?

A strike for better wages and working conditions by miners. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Meat Inspection Act?

A law requiring federal inspection of meat products. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Pure Food and Drug Act?

A law regulating food and pharmaceuticals for human consumption. Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Howard Taft?

The 27th President and later Chief Justice of the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What did the 16th Amendment allow?

Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Woodrow Wilson?

The 28th U.S. president who led the country through World War I. Signup and view all the answers

What is a graduated income tax?

A tax system where tax rates increase with higher incomes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Federal Reserve Act do?

Establishes Federal Reserve Banks to regulate banking. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Clayton Antitrust Act?

A law enhancing anti-trust protections and exempting labor unions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Federal Trade Commission?

An agency to investigate illegal business practices. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Everglades?

A natural region of tropical wetlands in Florida. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Governor Broward?

A politician known for his project to drain the Everglades. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Progressive Era Overview

Progressives aimed for political and social reform, advocating for change rather than maintaining the status quo.
The era was marked by movements addressing various social issues, including poverty, women's rights, and labor conditions.

Social Gospel Movement: Led by Protestant ministers, sought to improve living conditions for the urban poor through religious doctrine.
Temperance Movement: A social movement advocating against alcohol consumption, reflecting broader concerns about social morality.

Key Organizations

Salvation Army: An international charitable organization with a quasi-military structure, focused on assisting the needy.
National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA): Founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, aimed to secure voting rights for women.

Influential Figures

Ida Tarbell: Leading muckraker known for investigative reporting that contributed to the breakup of Standard Oil’s monopoly.
Upton Sinclair: Author of "The Jungle," which exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.
Jacob Riis: Muckraking journalist whose work "How the Other Half Lives" highlighted urban poverty through photography.

Settlement Houses: Community centers in immigrant neighborhoods offering essential services, led by figures like Jane Addams at Hull House.
Child Labor: Social reformers fought against the exploitative employment of children that obstructed education and childhood development.

Political Changes

Municipal Reform: Efforts to improve city government efficiency and accountability, reducing corruption.
Political Machines: Organizations that maintained power through patronage and control over municipal resources.

Legislative Advances

17th Amendment: Established direct election of U.S. senators, enhancing democratic participation.
Secret Ballot: Introduced anonymous voting to reduce electoral fraud and increase voter privacy.

Political Progressivism

Direct Primary: Allowed party members to directly nominate candidates, fostering democratic practices in political selection.
Recall: A process that enabled voters to remove elected officials from office through a special election.

Progressive Legislation

Meat Inspection Act: Mandated federal inspections of meat products to ensure public health standards.
Pure Food and Drug Act: Regulated food and pharmaceuticals, requiring accurate labeling and safety inspections.

Key Political Leaders

Theodore Roosevelt: 26th U.S. President, known for his "Square Deal" policies focusing on conservation, corporations, and consumer protection.
William Howard Taft: 27th U.S. President who later became Chief Justice, notable for his progressive reforms.
Woodrow Wilson: 28th U.S. President, instrumental in establishing the Federal Reserve and advocating for progressive reforms.

Economic Reforms

Graduated Income Tax: Tax system where individuals are taxed at higher rates based on income levels.
Clayton Antitrust Act: Enhanced protections against monopolies and exempted labor unions from antitrust laws.

Regulatory Bodies

Federal Trade Commission (FTC): Established to investigate illegal business practices and maintain fair competition.
Federal Reserve Act: Created a central banking system to regulate financial institutions and stabilize the economy.

Environmental Considerations

Everglades: Unique wetland region in Florida, subject to significant ecological and development concerns.
Governor Broward: Known for draining the Everglades to promote agricultural development during his governorship in Florida.

Conclusion

The Progressive Era was characterized by a collective push for reform, addressing social justice, governmental efficiency, and regulatory oversight, shaping modern American society.

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Test your knowledge on the key concepts of the Progressive Era with this set of flashcards. Learn about important movements, organizations, and definitions that shaped this transformative period in American history. Perfect for students studying history or preparing for exams.