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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of political science in the 2020s regarding race and diversity?
What is the primary focus of political science in the 2020s regarding race and diversity?
How does systemic racism primarily affect society?
How does systemic racism primarily affect society?
What term often replaced 'race' in discussions after the 1950s?
What term often replaced 'race' in discussions after the 1950s?
Cultural racism is defined by its reliance on what basis for superiority?
Cultural racism is defined by its reliance on what basis for superiority?
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Racialization involves assigning significance to a person's identity based on what criteria?
Racialization involves assigning significance to a person's identity based on what criteria?
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Which statement best describes institutional racism?
Which statement best describes institutional racism?
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What is a consequence of the belief in racism?
What is a consequence of the belief in racism?
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What does the concept of race signify in societal discussions?
What does the concept of race signify in societal discussions?
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What has been a significant consequence of hyper-diversity in urban centers in Canada?
What has been a significant consequence of hyper-diversity in urban centers in Canada?
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Which of the following statements about Canadian myths of racelessness is true?
Which of the following statements about Canadian myths of racelessness is true?
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How has the discipline of political science in Canada been influenced by racism denial?
How has the discipline of political science in Canada been influenced by racism denial?
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Which of the following assertions regarding race science in Canada is accurate?
Which of the following assertions regarding race science in Canada is accurate?
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What was the focus of the 'White Canada' policy approach until the 1960s?
What was the focus of the 'White Canada' policy approach until the 1960s?
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In discussions about racism and racialization, what are two central questions posed in Canada?
In discussions about racism and racialization, what are two central questions posed in Canada?
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Which historical figures' ideas have shown persistence in promoting white normativity in political philosophy?
Which historical figures' ideas have shown persistence in promoting white normativity in political philosophy?
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What role did race-making play in the Canadian context historically?
What role did race-making play in the Canadian context historically?
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What event in 1969 prompted resistance from Indigenous peoples due to ongoing land encroachments and resource extraction issues?
What event in 1969 prompted resistance from Indigenous peoples due to ongoing land encroachments and resource extraction issues?
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What was a key outcome of the Calder case in 1973?
What was a key outcome of the Calder case in 1973?
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What does s. 35 of the Canadian Constitution emphasize regarding Indigenous rights?
What does s. 35 of the Canadian Constitution emphasize regarding Indigenous rights?
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How did Bill C-45 in 2012 impact Indigenous land rights?
How did Bill C-45 in 2012 impact Indigenous land rights?
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What characterized the relationship between the state and Indigenous peoples during Harper's government from 2006 to 2015?
What characterized the relationship between the state and Indigenous peoples during Harper's government from 2006 to 2015?
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What distinguishes the implementation approach of UNDRIP compared to Canadian law regarding Indigenous rights?
What distinguishes the implementation approach of UNDRIP compared to Canadian law regarding Indigenous rights?
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What movement emerged in response to perceived inadequacies in Indigenous rights consultation and environmental concerns?
What movement emerged in response to perceived inadequacies in Indigenous rights consultation and environmental concerns?
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How does the ongoing relationship between Indigenous peoples and the state primarily manifest in Canada?
How does the ongoing relationship between Indigenous peoples and the state primarily manifest in Canada?
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Which statement best describes the concept of sexual citizenship?
Which statement best describes the concept of sexual citizenship?
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What does the social contract imply in a civic context?
What does the social contract imply in a civic context?
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What distinguishes public and private spheres in a liberal political framework?
What distinguishes public and private spheres in a liberal political framework?
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What is a primary focus of social reproduction as a concept?
What is a primary focus of social reproduction as a concept?
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How does the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) recognize Indigenous peoples?
How does the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) recognize Indigenous peoples?
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Which type of rights typically guarantees citizens a level of economic welfare in advanced democracies?
Which type of rights typically guarantees citizens a level of economic welfare in advanced democracies?
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What critical role does the 'duty to consult and cooperate' play as defined by UNDRIP?
What critical role does the 'duty to consult and cooperate' play as defined by UNDRIP?
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What aspect does the sexual contract emphasize regarding women’s citizenship rights?
What aspect does the sexual contract emphasize regarding women’s citizenship rights?
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How does the sexual contract influence women's citizenship rights?
How does the sexual contract influence women's citizenship rights?
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Which of the following best describes the impact of settler colonialism on Indigenous Genders and Sexualities?
Which of the following best describes the impact of settler colonialism on Indigenous Genders and Sexualities?
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What role do private relationships play in political life under the sexual contract?
What role do private relationships play in political life under the sexual contract?
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How did feminist and queer activists challenge the concept of the private sphere?
How did feminist and queer activists challenge the concept of the private sphere?
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Which statement best reflects the historical exclusion of women from the social contract?
Which statement best reflects the historical exclusion of women from the social contract?
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In what ways does the government regulate the private sphere?
In what ways does the government regulate the private sphere?
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What significance do Indigenous, Black, and racialized women hold in political engagement?
What significance do Indigenous, Black, and racialized women hold in political engagement?
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Which of the following reflects a core component of the public and private spheres under the sexual contract?
Which of the following reflects a core component of the public and private spheres under the sexual contract?
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What concept is described as the legitimacy based on adults freely consenting to state authority in exchange for rights?
What concept is described as the legitimacy based on adults freely consenting to state authority in exchange for rights?
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Which was NOT a barrier faced by LGBTQ individuals as mentioned regarding their participation in formal politics?
Which was NOT a barrier faced by LGBTQ individuals as mentioned regarding their participation in formal politics?
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Which case or legislation addressed gendered provisions under the Indian Act?
Which case or legislation addressed gendered provisions under the Indian Act?
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The gender binary contributes to which of the following ideas?
The gender binary contributes to which of the following ideas?
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What does intersectional feminist theory emphasize alongside gender analysis?
What does intersectional feminist theory emphasize alongside gender analysis?
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Which statement best reflects the impact of feminist and queer activism on political representation?
Which statement best reflects the impact of feminist and queer activism on political representation?
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What effect has the gender binary had on transgender and queer rights?
What effect has the gender binary had on transgender and queer rights?
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The exclusion of women from the social contract was justified by arguments claiming women were:
The exclusion of women from the social contract was justified by arguments claiming women were:
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Study Notes
Chapter 7: The Politics of Race
- Canada has been slow to acknowledge the significance of race in its past, but this has shifted as racial issues disrupt political discourse.
- Key concepts include Idle No More, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and Black Lives Matter.
- A 2020 Ipsos poll revealed that 60% of Canadians perceive racism as a significant problem.
- Anti-Asian racism intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Canada is experiencing a “Great Social Transformation” due to increased diversity.
- The concept of majority-minority refers to the phenomenon where multiple minority groups together constitute the majority.
Canadian Myths of Racelessness
- Racism denial and the myth of Canada's "race-neutral" history persist, especially among dominant social groups.
- This is expressed as outright denial, polite racism, and minimizing issues compared to other countries.
- Historical concepts of racism have informed political science and public policy.
The Politics of Race Science
- Despite being disproven, scientific racism persists.
- Examples of this include the promotion of forced sterilization and the eugenics and psychology of figures like Charles Kirk Clarke, and J. Phillipe Rushton.
- Rushton's work wasn't fully discredited by Western University until 2020.
The Making of a White Settler Society
- Racist ideologies, produced by the state and universities, underpinned political leaders and public policies.
- Race-making was central to nation-building efforts in Canada.
- Policies aimed to maintain "White Canada" until the 1960s, excluding people of color.
Writing Race and the Political
- Ideas about race are deeply ingrained in how Canadians perceive themselves, their state, citizenship, and belonging.
- The Two Founding Races framework, championed by Andre Siegfried, highlights the importance of English and French histories in Canadian politics.
- This framework, solidified in the Royal Commission on Biculturalism and Bilingualism, led to the erasure of Indigenous peoples and other ethnic groups
Chapter 8: Genders and Sexualities
- Politics profoundly affects gender and sexuality.
- Feminist and queer activists have organized to advocate for their rights.
- Intersectional feminism acknowledges the interconnected nature of gender, race, and class oppression.
- Social hierarchies are shaped by the gender binary, in which gender is divided into distinct categories, male or female.
- While women have been excluded from the social contract, the gender binary continues to influence political discourse.
The Sexual Contract
- Women were marginalized by the social contract and the sexual contract, meaning their citizenship was tied to their marital status.
- The sexual contract, deeply tied to the gender binary, denies women equal rights and liberties.
- The unequal distribution of rights based on sex and gender was challenged by feminist movements and queer activism.
The Public and Private Spheres
- Politics occurs in both public and private spheres, with the private sphere being shaped by gendered expectations.
- The public sphere, dominated by men, is constructed as rational, intellectual, and focused on impersonal issues.
- Women are often relegated to the private sphere, often characterized as emotional, natural, and related to intimate matters.
Chapter 6: Indigenous Peoples, Land, and the UNDRIP
- The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) recognizes Indigenous peoples as distinct groups with specific rights and emphasizes the importance of safeguarding their land rights and relationships with land.
- However, the implementation of UNDRIP in Canada has been slow and fraught with difficulties.
- Settler colonialism resulted in the displacement of Indigenous peoples and ongoing encroachments on Indigenous land.
- Colonial policies of extractivism, such as resource extraction without Indigenous consent, continue to have devastating impacts on Indigenous communities.
Key Terms
- Key terms to understand include Aboriginal, Colonialism, Extractivism, First Nations, Indian, Indigenous, Inuit, Land claims, Métis, Native, Settler colonialism, and Unceded lands.
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Description
Explore the intricate dynamics of race in Canada as detailed in Chapter 7. This chapter delves into significant events and movements such as Idle No More and Black Lives Matter, and examines the ongoing challenge of racism within Canadian society. Gain insight into the myths of racelessness and how they shape political discourse and public perception.
