Chapter 7: Movies and Image Power

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Questions and Answers

What year marked the beginning of talkies in the film industry?

1925

1932

1930

1927 (correct)

What is the main purpose of viral marketing?

To avoid unsolicited commercial emails.

To explore and analyze various media efficiency.

To create long-lasting advertisements on multiple media channels.

To quickly gain widespread attention through sharing by users. (correct)

What factor contributed significantly to the control of major studios over the movie industry during the rise of talkies?

Expansion of film festivals

Government regulations

Increased box office revenues

Investment in new sound technology (correct)

What is the role of media buyers in advertising?

To negotiate rates and place ads with suitable media outlets. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant platform for independent movies to gain publicity?

The Sundance Film Festival Signup and view all the answers

Which advertising technique seeks to persuade consumers by linking a product to a sense of simplicity?

Plain-folks pitch. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of saturation advertising?

To maximize product visibility across various media channels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the primary focus of documentary films?

Realistic, fact-based storytelling Signup and view all the answers

What type of issues do documentaries often address?

Social, political, and environmental issues Signup and view all the answers

Which persuasive technique uses a popular figure to endorse a product?

Famous-person testimonial. Signup and view all the answers

The snob-appeal approach primarily targets which consumer mindset?

Desire for social status and exclusivity. Signup and view all the answers

How do documentaries differ from traditional Hollywood films?

They offer a realistic portrayal of actual events. Signup and view all the answers

What is predictive marketing focused on?

Generating future purchasing desires for products and services. Signup and view all the answers

What role do film festivals play for independent films?

They help in marketing and gaining distribution deals. Signup and view all the answers

What type of advertising creates product-name recognition through annoyance?

Irritation advertising. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of gatekeepers in the context of information dissemination?

To control access to information and decide message distribution Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes disinformation from misinformation?

Disinformation is created and shared with the intent to deceive, while misinformation is shared without intent. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines remix culture?

A term describing a society where people remix, edit, and combine existing texts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a media event?

To gain coverage in the media Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern for journalists regarding manipulated images?

It can undermine the credibility of news organizations. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of effective crisis communication emphasizes the importance of providing accurate information?

Be Right Signup and view all the answers

How do deepfakes pose a threat to information credibility?

They create highly realistic but false images or videos. Signup and view all the answers

What is the right of fair use?

A legal doctrine permitting limited use of copyrighted material without permission. Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of 'Express Empathy' in crisis communication involve?

Acknowledging the suffering of affected individuals Signup and view all the answers

How does public relations differ from advertising?

Public relations involves more complex and evolving messages Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes misinformation?

It is incorrect information shared without the intent to deceive. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes greenwashing?

Deceptive practices in environmental marketing Signup and view all the answers

What are deepfakes primarily characterized by?

Advanced digital technology creating convincingly fraudulent content. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important action to take during a crisis, according to effective crisis communication principles?

Promote action to restore a sense of control Signup and view all the answers

Which principle calls for maintaining honesty and truthfulness during crises?

Be Credible Signup and view all the answers

What do the 'Green Guides' issued by the Federal Trade Commission provide guidelines for?

Regulating greenwashing claims Signup and view all the answers

Which media business is specifically protected by the U.S. Constitution?

The Press Signup and view all the answers

What does the value of ethnocentrism in American journalism involve?

Evaluating countries by how closely they reflect American practices Signup and view all the answers

What is the first obligation of journalism?

To the truth Signup and view all the answers

What does responsible capitalism in journalism emphasize?

Creating prosperity for all rather than just for a few Signup and view all the answers

What must journalists do to maintain their independence?

Disclose and avoid conflicts of interest Signup and view all the answers

Which value in American journalism favors individual rights over group needs?

Individualism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'small-town pastoralism' in journalism?

Favoring rural over urban perspectives Signup and view all the answers

What does the discipline of verification require from journalists?

To confirm the truth of their accounts Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the 2010 Federal Election Commission decision regarding spending for TV and radio advertising?

It violated First Amendment rights by limiting spending. Signup and view all the answers

Why do social media companies not violate users' First Amendment rights when banning users based on content?

They are private entities not subject to the First Amendment. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Sedition Act of 1798?

It tested the boundaries of the First Amendment's protections. Signup and view all the answers

What did the New York Times v. Sullivan case establish regarding defamation lawsuits by public officials?

Public officials must prove knowledge of false statements. Signup and view all the answers

Why were films not considered constitutionally protected speech until 1952?

Legal definitions categorized them as business rather than art. Signup and view all the answers

What role do Internet corporations play in the context of free speech?

They have become powerful gatekeepers of information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of censorship as described?

To protect society from perceived harm. Signup and view all the answers

What must journalists demonstrate to critique government officials without fear of legal repercussions?

Evidence of actual malice in their reporting. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 7: Movies and the Power of Images

Early Inventors and Filmmakers:
- Eadweard Muybridge: First to photograph motion; studied horses.
- George Eastman: Invented roll film, huge improvement for photography.
- Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince: Invented the first motion picture camera.
- Hannibal Goodwin: Improved film, using celluloid.
- William Kennedy Dickson: Edison's assistant, combined technologies to create kinetograph and kinetoscope.
- Thomas Edison: Kinetograph and kinetoscope; created new video camera technology.
Early Motion Picture Technology:
- Kinetoscope: Single-person viewing system.
- Kinetograph: Early movie camera.
- Vitascope: Large-screen projection system, by Edison; enabled mass projection.
Early Filmmakers and Innovations:
- Georges Méliès: Early filmmaker; used special effects, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted color.
- Edwin S. Porter: Advanced film editing techniques, developed continuity editing.
- D.W. Griffith: Important Hollywood director; refined many narrative and technical techniques (close-ups, multiple story lines, fast-paced editing).
Key Terms:
- Movies, roll film, celluloid, kinetograph, kinetoscope, vitascope, narrative films.

Chapter 2: The Internet and Digital Media

The Four Phases of the Internet:
- Pre-Web Internet: Military & academic use (ARPAnet)
- Web 1.0: Mass medium (World Wide Web, early 1990s)
- Web 2.0: Interactive (user-generated content, social networking, 2000s)
- Web 3.0: Intelligent (data-driven, interconnected systems, IoT, 2010s/2020s)

Chapter 3: Digital Gaming and the Media Playground

Gaming and Media:
- Video games inspire movies, and vice-versa.
- Games use content (books, animation) from popular media types.
- Concerns about addiction.

Chapter 11: Advertising and Commercial Culture

Contemporary Advertising:
- Mega-agencies: Large advertising firms formed through mergers.
- Boutique agencies: Smaller agencies, specializing in select clientele.
- Market research: Assessing consumer views, to help shape advertising efforts.
- VALS: Values and Lifestyles framework used by advertisers to target demographics.
- Storyboards: Rough outlines or comic strip version of an ad.
- Slogans: Catchphrases used to sum up an advertisement.
- Viral marketing: Short videos spread widely on the internet.

Chapter 12: Public Relations and Framing the Message

PR Techniques:
- Press releases (news releases): Announce information, used to pitch a story.
- Video news releases (VNRs): Short video news reports.
- Public service announcements (PSAs): Promote programs, educational projects, social reform.
- Media events: Circumstances created to generate news coverage.

Chapter 14: Fake News

Types of Fake News:
- Satirists: use humor to critique the news media.
- Hoaxes and Hucksters: People or organizations who deceptively promote products.
- Opinion Entrepreneurs: Media outlets striving to push narratives.
- Propagandists: Spread coordinated messages to promote/support a specific idea.
- Information Anarchists: Intentionally create doubt and mistrust..

Chapter 16: Legal Controls and Freedom of Expression

First Amendment: Guarantees freedoms of speech, the press, assembly, religion.
Legal Cases:
- Watergate Scandal, 1972
- Buckley v. Valeo, 1976:
- Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 2010
- New York Times v. Sullivan, 1964
Freedom of Expression:
- Protections for speech expression, and the importance of balancing freedom and security
Legal Issues:
- Libel, obscenity, invasion of privacy, and copyright infringement.

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Description

Explore the fascinating history of early filmmakers and the inventions that revolutionized motion pictures. Learn about key figures like Eadweard Muybridge and Thomas Edison, and their contributions to film technology. This quiz will test your knowledge of the technological advancements and early cinematic techniques that shaped the industry.