Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the term 'malnutrition'?
What is the origin of the term 'malnutrition'?
- Latin words for 'bad' and 'nourish' (correct)
- Greek words for 'poor' and 'diet'
- Italian words for 'poor' and 'nourish'
- French words for 'bad' and 'food'
What is a consequence of undernutrition during childhood?
What is a consequence of undernutrition during childhood?
- Better health and educational achievements during adulthood
- Increased risk of obesity during adulthood
- Worse health and lower educational achievements during adulthood (correct)
- No impact on health and educational achievements during adulthood
Which group of people is at highest risk of malnutrition?
Which group of people is at highest risk of malnutrition?
- People with a healthy diet and regular exercise
- Elderly people, especially those who are hospitalized or in long-term institutional care (correct)
- People with a medium body mass index (BMI)
- Middle-aged people with a medium income
What is a sign of malnutrition?
What is a sign of malnutrition?
What is a consequence of malnutrition on the immune system?
What is a consequence of malnutrition on the immune system?
What is responsible for about 2.2 million child deaths annually in the world?
What is responsible for about 2.2 million child deaths annually in the world?
What is a common physical effect of severe malnutrition in the face?
What is a common physical effect of severe malnutrition in the face?
What is a potential long-term effect of undernutrition in children?
What is a potential long-term effect of undernutrition in children?
What is a consequence of malnutrition on wound healing?
What is a consequence of malnutrition on wound healing?
What is the proportion of child mortality globally that is attributed to malnutrition?
What is the proportion of child mortality globally that is attributed to malnutrition?
What is a common effect of severe malnutrition on hair?
What is a common effect of severe malnutrition on hair?
What is a potential consequence of total starvation?
What is a potential consequence of total starvation?
What is the typical outcome for adults who are severely malnourished and receive treatment?
What is the typical outcome for adults who are severely malnourished and receive treatment?
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Study Notes
Definition of Malnutrition
- Derived from malus (bad) and nutrire (to nourish)
- Includes both undernutrition and overnutrition
Undernutrition
- Occurs when an individual does not consume enough food
- Can exist with a poor diet that lacks the right balance of basic food groups
- Can affect obese people who consume more calories than they need, but lack essential nutrients
Global Impact of Malnutrition
- Largest contributor to child mortality globally, present in 45% of all cases
- Underweight births and inter-uterine growth restrictions responsible for 2.2 million child deaths annually
- Deficiencies in vitamin A or zinc cause 1 million deaths each year
High-Risk Groups
- Elderly people, especially those hospitalized or in long-term care
- Individuals who are socially isolated
- People on low incomes (poor people)
- People with chronic eating disorders, such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa
- People convalescing after a serious illness or condition
Signs and Symptoms of Malnutrition
- Loss of fat (adipose tissue)
- Breathing difficulties and high risk of respiratory failure
- Depression
- Higher risk of complications after surgery
- Higher risk of hypothermia
- Weakened immune system, increasing the risk of infections
- Longer healing times for wounds
- Longer recovery times from infections and illnesses
- Problems with fertility
- Reduced muscle mass
- Fatigue and apathy
- Irritability
Severe Cases of Malnutrition
- Skin may become thin, dry, inelastic, pale, and cold
- Fat loss in the face, leading to hollow cheeks and sunken eyes
- Dry and sparse hair, falling out easily
- Unresponsiveness (stupor) in severe cases
- Heart, liver, and respiratory failure if calorie deficiency continues
- Total starvation is fatal within 8-12 weeks
Effects on Children
- Slow behavioral and intellectual development
- May lead to intellectual disabilities
- Long-term effects in children, including impairments in mental function and digestive problems
Effects on Adults
- Severe undernourishment can lead to full recovery when treated, but may have long-term effects if started during adulthood
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