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Questions and Answers
What was the primary reason for the development of the transatlantic slave trade?
What was the primary reason for the development of the transatlantic slave trade?
Which of the following was NOT a common origin of enslaved people in the transatlantic slave trade?
Which of the following was NOT a common origin of enslaved people in the transatlantic slave trade?
What was a common practice for transporting enslaved people to the coast?
What was a common practice for transporting enslaved people to the coast?
How did the treatment of enslaved people vary during their journey to the coast?
How did the treatment of enslaved people vary during their journey to the coast?
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What was the role of local slave merchants in the transatlantic slave trade?
What was the role of local slave merchants in the transatlantic slave trade?
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What factors contributed to the length of time enslaved people waited at the port before boarding slave ships?
What factors contributed to the length of time enslaved people waited at the port before boarding slave ships?
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What was the typical fate of prisoners of war in the context of the slave trade?
What was the typical fate of prisoners of war in the context of the slave trade?
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Who were the slaves sold to? (Select all that apply)
Who were the slaves sold to? (Select all that apply)
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What was the main reason for the high mortality rates among enslaved people during the Middle Passage?
What was the main reason for the high mortality rates among enslaved people during the Middle Passage?
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Which of these factors could improve the survival rate of enslaved people during the waiting period before their journey to the Americas?
Which of these factors could improve the survival rate of enslaved people during the waiting period before their journey to the Americas?
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How did slave codes reflect the dehumanization of enslaved people?
How did slave codes reflect the dehumanization of enslaved people?
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How did the journey across the Atlantic, known as the Middle Passage, impact the lives of enslaved people?
How did the journey across the Atlantic, known as the Middle Passage, impact the lives of enslaved people?
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Which of these options was NOT a consequence of the slave codes?
Which of these options was NOT a consequence of the slave codes?
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What was the approximate mortality rate on early voyages across the Atlantic?
What was the approximate mortality rate on early voyages across the Atlantic?
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What was the average amount of space allocated per person on slave ships?
What was the average amount of space allocated per person on slave ships?
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Which of the following factors did NOT directly contribute to the high mortality rates on slave ships?
Which of the following factors did NOT directly contribute to the high mortality rates on slave ships?
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Study Notes
Chapter 6: The Experience of the Enslaved People
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The transatlantic slave trade resulted in immense human suffering.
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Enslaved people came from various backgrounds, including criminals, religious captives, indebted servants, and those captured in wars or raids.
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Most enslaved Africans were adult males, with the majority likely not combatants.
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Slave traders sought to lessen the enemy's ability to counterattack.
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Captives were initially confined in the interior, often transported to the coast via large canoes, boats, or land caravans.
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Transportation time varied significantly, depending on location and available trade routes.
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Treatment of captives varied based on local factors (wars, droughts, etc.).
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Enslaved people often waited at ports before boarding ships, sometimes for weeks or months.
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Enslaved people's conditions, during waiting periods, were affected by local conditions like wars, political upheavals, and droughts.
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Estimates suggest enslaved people waited between 6 - 12 months.
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Mortality rates were high during captive transportation and waiting periods.
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Slave ships were often overcrowded.
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Modern scholarship disputes the claim that overcrowding caused high mortality rates, suggesting the presence of illness and malnutrition as major contributing factors.
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Average mortality rates on slaving voyages ranged between 10-20%.
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Factors like the starting point of voyages and length of voyages affected mortality rates, with journeys originating from northern regions having lower mortality rates compared to those from the equatorial regions.
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Enslaved people faced numerous diseases (malaria, dysentery, scurvy, smallpox) and inadequate medical care.
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Short voyages had a lower mortality rate compared to longer voyages.
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The treatment of enslaved people was highly inhumane, involving physical and psychological mistreatment, cultural suppression, and denial of basic rights.
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Enslaved people were forced to work various jobs on plantations, in mines, and as household servants, under harsh conditions.
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Gender imbalance on slave ships disproportionately impacted the ability to form families.
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The average survival rate of people during acclimatization was about 50%, declining slightly over time.
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The average survival rate of people during acclimatization was about one in three.
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Laws often reinforced the idea of enslaved people as property, limiting basic rights like marriage and ownership of possessions.
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Enslaved people were frequently beaten or whipped for disobedience.
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Many were subjected to various forms of torture as punishment.
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Description
Explore the harrowing experiences of enslaved individuals during the transatlantic slave trade. This chapter delves into their backgrounds, the challenges faced during transportation, and the varying conditions they endured before boarding ships. Gain insights into the significant human suffering and historical context of this dark period.
