91 Questions
What is the primary role of mycorrhizae in plant-fungus associations?
Supply sugars and amino acids to the fungus
Which type of mycorrhizae fungi form a mantle on the root exterior and grow between the cell walls?
Ectomycorrhizae fungi
What is the main function of root nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Converting free nitrogen to usable form for plants
Which family of plants is known to have root nodules housing nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Legumes (Fabaceae)
What is one human relevance of roots mentioned in the text?
Sources of food like carrots and sugar beets
Which learning objective does Chapter 6: Plant Organs - Roots focus on?
Describing root functions and structure variations
What is one of the functions of roots?
Anchor plants into soil
Which type of plants typically have a fibrous root system?
Monocotyledonous plants
Where does root cap lie in the structure of a root?
Above the region of cell division
Which part of a plant does adventitious roots form from?
Stems or leaves
What happens to an embryo's radicle upon seed germination?
Grows out to become the first root
What is the primary function of the endodermis in root structure?
To regulate the passage of water and minerals into the vascular cylinder
Which of the following roots are primarily adapted for water storage?
Roots of the pumpkin family
What is the primary function of buttress roots?
To anchor the plant and provide stability in shallow soil
Which of the following statements about mycorrhizae is true?
They are a mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots
What is the primary function of aerial roots in plants like ivy and Virginia creeper?
To aid the plants in climbing vertical surfaces
Which of the following statements about root growth is true?
Some roots exhibit determinate growth, while others exhibit indeterminate growth
What is the primary function of the root cap?
To protect the root tip as it grows through the soil
Which region of the root is responsible for cell division?
Region of Cell Division
Which meristematic area gives rise to the root epidermis?
Protoderm
In which region of the root do cells differentiate into various cell types?
Region of Maturation
What is the primary function of root hairs?
To absorb water and minerals from the soil
In dicot or conifer roots, what is the arrangement of the primary xylem in the Region of Maturation?
Solid core of xylem with 'arms' in cross-section
The root cap protects the root tip from damage as the root grows.
True
The region of cell division in the root is located in the region of elongation.
False
Root hairs are epidermal cell extensions with a thick cuticle that help absorb water and minerals.
False
In monocot roots, the xylem surrounds the pith in the region of maturation.
True
The primary function of the root cap is to secrete a lubricating mucilage to aid in root growth.
True
The ground meristem in the root tip gives rise to the epidermis.
False
Roots anchor plants into the soil.
True
The radicle develops into a fibrous root system in all plants.
False
The root cap is responsible for cell division in the root.
False
Roots can store food or water.
True
Plants with mycorrhizae develop more root hairs compared to those growing without an associated fungus.
False
Adventitious roots can form from stems or leaves.
True
Ectomycorrhizae fungi only grow between the cell walls of the root and do not form a mantle on the root exterior.
False
The endodermis is a single-layered cylinder of compact cells with Casparian strips.
True
Legumes are the only family of plants known to have root nodules housing nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
False
Roots can be modified to perform unusual functions such as storage of water and nutrients.
True
Adventitious buds on roots develop into lateral roots.
False
Pneumatophores are spongy roots extending above water for gas exchange.
True
The primary function of mycorrhizae is to provide sugars and amino acids to the fungus.
False
Roots can be a source of food, spices, dyes, and drugs for humans.
True
Velamen roots have a single-layered epidermis to reduce water loss.
False
Buttress roots provide stability to tropical trees growing in shallow soil.
True
Mycorrhizae are fungi that form a mutualistic association with plant stems.
False
What is the main function of root cap in plants?
Protect the root tip from damage
Which region of the root is responsible for cell division?
Region of cell division
What specialized function do adventitious roots perform?
Form from stems or leaves
Which type of plants typically have a fibrous root system?
Monocots
What is the primary role of mycorrhizae in plant-fungus associations?
Enhance water and mineral uptake from soil
What is the primary function of the root cap?
To provide protection for the root tip as it grows
In the region of maturation, what is the arrangement of the primary xylem in dicot or conifer roots?
Xylem forms a solid core with 'arms'
What is the primary function of root hairs?
To absorb water and minerals from the soil
Which meristematic area in the root tip gives rise to the epidermis?
Protoderm
What is the primary function of the endodermis in root structure?
To regulate the movement of water and nutrients
Which family of plants is known to have root nodules housing nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Legumes
What is the function of the endodermis in a root?
Regulates the types of minerals absorbed
Which type of roots are specialized for stability in shallow soil?
Buttress roots
What is the primary function of prop roots in plants like corn and mangroves?
Support the plant in high wind conditions
Which type of specialized roots develop into suckers, aiding in vegetative propagation?
Adventitious buds on roots
What is the role of mycorrhizae fungi in plant root associations?
Facilitate absorption and concentration of nutrients for roots
Which of the following is a function of pneumatophores in plants with roots growing in water?
Extend above water for gas exchange
What is the primary function of mycorrhizae in the plant-fungus association?
Mycorrhizae help the plant absorb more water and minerals from the soil.
Which family of plants is known to have root nodules housing nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Fabaceae (legumes)
What is one way in which roots are relevant to humans?
Roots are used as a source of food, spices, dyes, and drugs.
Which type of mycorrhizae fungi form a mantle on the root exterior and grow between the cell walls?
Ectomycorrhizae fungi
Which type of plants typically have a fibrous root system?
Monocots
What is the primary function of the root cap?
To protect the root tip from damage as the root grows.
Which type of plants typically have a fibrous root system?
Monocotyledonous plants (monocots)
What is the primary function of the root cap?
To secrete a lubricating mucilage to aid in root growth
Which family of plants is known to have root nodules housing nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Legumes
What is the primary role of mycorrhizae in plant-fungus associations?
To absorb water and minerals for the plant
What is one way in which roots are relevant to humans?
Roots can be a source of food, spices, dyes, and drugs
What is the function of the root cap?
Secretes lubricating mucilage and protects the root tip from damage
In which region of the root do cells become several times their original length?
Region of Elongation
What do vacuoles do in the region of Elongation of a root?
Merge into a central vacuole
In monocot roots, how is the arrangement of xylem in the Region of Maturation?
Solid core with xylem surrounding the pith
What is the primary function of vascular cambium in a root's vascular cylinder?
Forms secondary phloem towards the inside and secondary xylem towards the outside
What is the primary function of the endodermis in root structure?
It regulates the types of minerals absorbed
What is the primary function of the root cap?
It protects the root tip from damage as the root grows
Which type of specialized roots develop into suckers, aiding in vegetative propagation?
Adventitious roots
What is the primary function of mycorrhizae in the plant-fungus association?
They facilitate absorption and concentration of nutrients, especially phosphorus, for the plant roots
What is the primary function of buttress roots?
They provide structural support for the plant in shallow soil
Which type of plants typically have a fibrous root system?
Monocot plants
What is the primary function of root nodules in plant roots?
To house nitrogen-fixing bacteria converting nitrogen for plant use
Which type of mycorrhizae fungi penetrates only the cell walls of plant roots?
Endomycorrhizae Fungi
In plant-fungus associations, the primary role of mycorrhizae is to:
Supply sugars and amino acids to the fungus
Which region of the root is responsible for cell division?
Region of Cell Division
What is one human relevance of roots mentioned in the text?
Drug production source
Which family of plants is known to have root nodules housing nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Fabaceae (Legume) Family
Test your knowledge on the function, development, structure, and human relevance of roots, as well as specialized roots like mycorrhizae and root nodules. Explore the importance of roots in anchoring plants, absorbing water and minerals, and storing food or water.
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