Chapter 6 - Principles of Endocrinology: The Endocrine System
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Questions and Answers

Which gland produces Catecholamines derived from the amino acid Tyrosine?

  • Thyroid gland
  • Pancreas
  • Pituitary gland
  • Adrenal gland (correct)

What is the primary site within the adrenal gland where the modified sympathetic ganglion produces NE, E, and D?

  • Medulla
  • Adrenal medulla (correct)
  • Superficial cortex
  • Adrenal capsule

Which type of hormones bypass the cell membrane and penetrate the nuclear envelope to bind to DNA receptors?

  • Glycoprotein hormones
  • Hydrophilic hormones
  • Lipophilic hormones (correct)
  • Peptide hormones

What is the main precursor molecule for the production of steroid hormones?

<p>Cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone utilizes the cyclic AMP Second Messenger System involving G-proteins and protein kinase A activation?

<p>Peptide hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key enzyme triggered by activated G-proteins in the cyclic AMP Second Messenger System?

<p>Adenylyl cyclase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of target cells can be influenced by more than one hormone due to the complexity of endocrine function?

<p>Target cells for hormone action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in the context of the text?

<p>Convert inactive target proteins to active ones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule triggers the release of calcium from the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

<p>Inositol triphosphate (IP3) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Diacylglycerol (DAG) in cellular signaling?

<p>Activating Protein Kinase C (PKC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Lipophilic Hormones, where does the hormone receptor typically reside?

<p>On the DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Calcium as a second messenger in cellular responses?

<p>Activate calmodulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting Phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2) into Inositol triphosphate (IP3) and Diacylglycerol (DAG)?

<p>Phospholipase C (PLC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when DAG is produced as a result of G-protein coupled receptor activation?

<p>It activates Protein Kinase C (PKC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of action for hydrophilic hormones?

<p>Binding to receptors on the plasma membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones have receptors located on the plasma membrane?

<p>Peptide hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of second messengers such as Cyclic AMP (cAMP) in hormone signaling?

<p>Amplify the hormone signal inside the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone category is known for its fight or flight response?

<p>Amine hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the blood, hydrophilic hormones are primarily found:

<p>Free-floating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium as a second messenger in hormone signaling?

<p>Mediate signals for muscle contraction and other cellular functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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