20 Questions
Which gland produces Catecholamines derived from the amino acid Tyrosine?
Adrenal gland
What is the primary site within the adrenal gland where the modified sympathetic ganglion produces NE, E, and D?
Adrenal medulla
Which type of hormones bypass the cell membrane and penetrate the nuclear envelope to bind to DNA receptors?
Lipophilic hormones
What is the main precursor molecule for the production of steroid hormones?
Cholesterol
Which type of hormone utilizes the cyclic AMP Second Messenger System involving G-proteins and protein kinase A activation?
Peptide hormones
What is the key enzyme triggered by activated G-proteins in the cyclic AMP Second Messenger System?
Adenylyl cyclase
What type of target cells can be influenced by more than one hormone due to the complexity of endocrine function?
Target cells for hormone action
What is the main function of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in the context of the text?
Convert inactive target proteins to active ones
Which molecule triggers the release of calcium from the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Inositol triphosphate (IP3)
What is the primary role of Diacylglycerol (DAG) in cellular signaling?
Activating Protein Kinase C (PKC)
In the context of Lipophilic Hormones, where does the hormone receptor typically reside?
On the DNA
What is the main role of Calcium as a second messenger in cellular responses?
Activate calmodulin
Which enzyme is responsible for converting Phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2) into Inositol triphosphate (IP3) and Diacylglycerol (DAG)?
Phospholipase C (PLC)
What happens when DAG is produced as a result of G-protein coupled receptor activation?
It activates Protein Kinase C (PKC)
What is the main method of action for hydrophilic hormones?
Binding to receptors on the plasma membrane
Which type of hormones have receptors located on the plasma membrane?
Peptide hormones
What is the primary function of second messengers such as Cyclic AMP (cAMP) in hormone signaling?
Amplify the hormone signal inside the cell
Which hormone category is known for its fight or flight response?
Amine hormones
In the blood, hydrophilic hormones are primarily found:
Free-floating
What is the role of calcium as a second messenger in hormone signaling?
Mediate signals for muscle contraction and other cellular functions
Learn about the principles of endocrinology and how cells secrete hormones that travel through the blood to target cells. Discover the two hormone categories based on solubility and the role of receptors in regulating specific functions.
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