Chapter 6: Metallurgy

Any element that forms a positive ion (cation) when dissolved in a solution.

The property of metals allowing them to be drawn into wires.

The property of metals allowing them to be hammered or pressed into thin sheets.

A solid material with a distinct, regular arrangement of atoms.

The process of heating a metal to its liquid state and pouring it into a mold to solidify.

The process of shaping a metal by applying mechanical force at room temperature.

A substance that conducts electricity and heat well, usually made of a combination of metals.

The movement of free electrons within a material, like metals.

The ability of a material to deform elastically under stress, caused by the stretching of interatomic bonds. It's independent of the material's microstructure.

A measure of a material's resistance to elastic deformation. It is determined by the chemical composition and type of atomic bond.

A permanent deformation of a material caused by the sliding of atomic layers over each other along specific planes within the crystal structure.

A localized region of shear within a material where atoms slide over each other during plastic deformation.

Metals that have been shaped from their original cast or grain structure by cold working, creating a fibrous microstructure.

The process of strengthening and hardening a metal by plastically deforming it at room temperature. This makes it harder for dislocations to move.

The process of reducing the stresses and improving the ductility of a cold-worked metal by heating it.

The process of restoring the original grain structure of a cold-worked metal by heating it to a specific temperature.

The process of bonding solid particles by heat without any liquid present. It involves merging powder particles and eliminating initial porosity to create a denser product.

The temperature at which a metal transitions from a liquid to a solid state. This is also known as the freezing point.

The process of forming tiny seeds or starting points for crystals during solidification. These nuclei can form spontaneously in the liquid or with the aid of foreign particles.

The process of forming nuclei in a liquid metal without any foreign particles. This happens spontaneously when the liquid is cooled below its freezing point.

The process of forming nuclei in a liquid metal with the help of foreign particles. These particles act as starting points for crystal growth.

A type of metal processing where a metal layer is deposited onto a conductive surface using a process similar to corrosion in reverse. This technique utilizes electrolysis to transfer metal ions to the desired surface.

The first stage of annealing where the material recovers from stress but remains in its original form.

Continued heating leads to larger grains and a coarser structure, further affecting mechanical properties.

A combination of two or more metals, which are soluble in the molten state.

A type of alloy where atoms of different metals are mixed randomly within a single crystalline structure.

An alloy with two constituent metals.

Two or more metals blend together in the liquid state, but may or may not mix in the solid state.

When two different types of atoms occupy different positions within the same crystal structure.

When much smaller atoms fit into the spaces between larger atoms in a crystal structure.

A temperature-composition graph that shows the different phases of an alloy system at different temperatures.

A curve on a phase diagram representing the temperatures at which an alloy begins to solidify.

A curve on a phase diagram representing the temperatures at which an alloy is completely solidified.

The non-uniform composition of a grain due to different melting points of the alloy components. The core is richer in the higher melting point component.

An alloy that contains two distinct phases, typically formed when two metals are partially soluble in the solid state.

A structure formed when an alloy is rapidly cooled after solidifying, leading to variations in composition within the solid. This occurs when the temperature range between the liquidus and solidus lines is large.

A process used to eliminate coring in alloys. It involves heating the cored structure below its solidus temperature to allow atomic diffusion to equalize composition.

The lowest melting point alloy within a binary eutectic system.

The temperature at which a eutectic alloy completely solidifies.

A compound formed when two metals have a strong chemical affinity upon solidification, resulting in a specific composition and properties.

The property of a solid solution alloy characterized by a range of temperatures over which it melts, rather than a single melting point.

A phase diagram depicting a binary system where two metals are completely insoluble in the solid state. It shows the liquidus and solidus lines.