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Questions and Answers
What does the quote by Scott McNealy suggest about privacy?
What does the quote by Scott McNealy suggest about privacy?
Which of the following is considered a harm caused by privacy?
Which of the following is considered a harm caused by privacy?
How is privacy defined in relation to access?
How is privacy defined in relation to access?
What is a benefit of privacy mentioned in the content?
What is a benefit of privacy mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between privacy rights and property rights?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between privacy rights and property rights?
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Which consequence of too much individual privacy is highlighted?
Which consequence of too much individual privacy is highlighted?
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Why might privacy violations be seen as an affront to human dignity?
Why might privacy violations be seen as an affront to human dignity?
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What is a potential downside of excessive privacy mentioned in the content?
What is a potential downside of excessive privacy mentioned in the content?
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What type of data does the 'black box' in modern automobiles maintain for five seconds?
What type of data does the 'black box' in modern automobiles maintain for five seconds?
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What is one of the advantages of switching from paper-based to electronic medical records?
What is one of the advantages of switching from paper-based to electronic medical records?
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Which feature of TiVo makes it valuable to advertisers?
Which feature of TiVo makes it valuable to advertisers?
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What is a cookie in the context of web browsing?
What is a cookie in the context of web browsing?
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How much information can a flash cookie hold compared to a browser cookie?
How much information can a flash cookie hold compared to a browser cookie?
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What potential risk is associated with having information in an electronic medical records database?
What potential risk is associated with having information in an electronic medical records database?
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What does the presence of cookies allow websites to do?
What does the presence of cookies allow websites to do?
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Which characteristic distinguishes flash cookies from browser cookies?
Which characteristic distinguishes flash cookies from browser cookies?
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What is the primary purpose of Enhanced 911 Services regarding cell phones?
What is the primary purpose of Enhanced 911 Services regarding cell phones?
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How do store rewards programs benefit shoppers?
How do store rewards programs benefit shoppers?
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What is a significant feature of RFID tags compared to traditional bar codes?
What is a significant feature of RFID tags compared to traditional bar codes?
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What is one use of implanted RFID chips in domesticated dogs in Taiwan?
What is one use of implanted RFID chips in domesticated dogs in Taiwan?
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Which service does OnStar NOT provide to its subscribers?
Which service does OnStar NOT provide to its subscribers?
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How can 3-D body scanners in department stores be utilized?
How can 3-D body scanners in department stores be utilized?
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If an RFID tag cannot be removed or disabled, what does it function as?
If an RFID tag cannot be removed or disabled, what does it function as?
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What potential risk is associated with the sharing of location data from Enhanced 911 Services?
What potential risk is associated with the sharing of location data from Enhanced 911 Services?
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What is a consequence of deleting a browser cookie?
What is a consequence of deleting a browser cookie?
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What was the primary reason consumers objected to Lotus Development Corporation's CD of information?
What was the primary reason consumers objected to Lotus Development Corporation's CD of information?
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What change did Facebook make regarding the Beacon program after consumer backlash?
What change did Facebook make regarding the Beacon program after consumer backlash?
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What did Netflix do in response to concerns about the anonymity of ratings data?
What did Netflix do in response to concerns about the anonymity of ratings data?
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What type of policy did Facebook initially implement for Beacon?
What type of policy did Facebook initially implement for Beacon?
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How did malls track shoppers' locations according to the provided content?
How did malls track shoppers' locations according to the provided content?
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What was the purpose of the Netflix Prize?
What was the purpose of the Netflix Prize?
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What did researchers find about the ratings data released by Netflix?
What did researchers find about the ratings data released by Netflix?
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What is the main conclusion about privacy as discussed?
What is the main conclusion about privacy as discussed?
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Which of the following is a consequence of monitoring nannies according to the rule utilitarian evaluation?
Which of the following is a consequence of monitoring nannies according to the rule utilitarian evaluation?
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According to social contract theory, why is it wrong for the Sullivans to monitor their nanny secretly?
According to social contract theory, why is it wrong for the Sullivans to monitor their nanny secretly?
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What is the primary ethical concern from a Kantian perspective regarding monitoring the nanny?
What is the primary ethical concern from a Kantian perspective regarding monitoring the nanny?
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What is one reason the Sullivans' decision to monitor the nanny might be seen as a parental virtue?
What is one reason the Sullivans' decision to monitor the nanny might be seen as a parental virtue?
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What role does establishing reputation play in modern privacy, according to the content?
What role does establishing reputation play in modern privacy, according to the content?
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How does increased accessibility of public records impact privacy?
How does increased accessibility of public records impact privacy?
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Which of the following is an example of records held by private organizations?
Which of the following is an example of records held by private organizations?
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What is a potential drawback of using technology such as Facebook tags?
What is a potential drawback of using technology such as Facebook tags?
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Which of the following best represents a challenge presented by modern privacy?
Which of the following best represents a challenge presented by modern privacy?
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What concept suggests that privacy rights overlap with other rights?
What concept suggests that privacy rights overlap with other rights?
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What technological advancement has made public records more accessible?
What technological advancement has made public records more accessible?
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How do social networking sites contribute to privacy issues?
How do social networking sites contribute to privacy issues?
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What is a key implication of monitoring technology on childcare workers?
What is a key implication of monitoring technology on childcare workers?
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Study Notes
Chapter 5: Information Privacy
- This chapter focuses on information privacy in the digital age
- Introduction: The topic covers privacy perspectives, information disclosures, data mining, and examples of consumer backlash
- Information Technology Erodes Privacy:
- Collection, exchange, and distribution of information are easier now, decreasing privacy
- Scott McNealy stated "You have zero privacy anyway. Get over it."
- The "electronic trail" of information left behind and its potential use by others are considered
- Defining Privacy:
- Privacy is related to the notion of access and control
- Access: Physical proximity and knowledge about a person
- Privacy as a "zone of inaccessibility"
- Violations of privacy infringe on human dignity
- Too much individual privacy can harm society
Harms of Privacy
- Cover for illegal or immoral activities
- Burden on the nuclear family
- Hidden dysfunctional families
- Ignored people on society's fringes
Benefits of Privacy
- Individual growth and development
- Individual responsibility
- Freedom to be yourself
- Intellectual and spiritual growth
- Development of intimate relationships
Is There a Natural Right to Privacy?
- Privacy rights stem from property rights ("a man's home is his castle")
- Coercive Acts before the American Revolution influenced the Third Amendment.
- Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis argued for the right to be let alone.
- Judith Jarvis Thomson noted overlaps with other rights.
- Conclusion: Privacy is a prudential rather than a natural right
Privacy and Trust
- Perhaps modern life is more private than life centuries ago.
- Most people do not live with extended families.
- Automobiles allow individual travel.
- Challenge: Modern life often puts us among strangers.
- Remedy: Building reputations through credentials (e.g., driver's license, tests, degrees).
- Establishing reputations often comes at the cost of reducing privacy
Case Study: New Parents
- Sullivans have a baby girl.
- Both work, concerned about the nanny's performance.
- Purchase a program to monitor the nanny through a laptop's camera placed in their home.
- The nannies are not informed of the monitoring.
- This is analyzed using different ethical theories.
Rule Utilitarian Evaluation of the Case Study
- If everyone monitored nannies, it wouldn't remain secret for long.
- Consequences considered:
- Nannies would modify their behavior, possibly reducing child abuse incidents and providing peace of mind for parents.
- Increased stress and lower job satisfaction for nannies.
- Higher turnover rates and less experienced nannies providing lower-quality care.
- Conclusion: The negative consequences outweigh the benefits; monitoring was unethical.
Social Contract Theory Evaluation of the Case Study
- It's generally acceptable for society to protect individual privacy in their homes.
- The nanny's expectation of privacy in the home is reasonable.
- The Sullivans' decision is unethical, violating the nanny's privacy.
Kantian Evaluation of the Case Study
- Imagine the rule "An Employer may secretly monitor the work of an employee who works with vulnerable people" being universal.
- If universal, no expectation of privacy—the monitoring would defeat itself and be ineffective.
- The rule is self-defeating; therefore, the Sullivans' action was wrong.
Virtue Ethics Evaluation of the Case Study
- Suggests that good parents prioritize their child's well-being..
- The Sullivans' actions may have stem from concern for their daughter's well-being, which is a characteristic of good parents.
- Also expects them to stop monitoring once they are sure the nanny is suitably performing.
Information Disclosures
- Public Records:
- Information reported to government agencies, such as birth certificates, marriage licenses, motor vehicle records, and criminal records.
- Computerized databases and the Internet made access to public records easier.
- Records Held by Private Organizations:
- Credit card purchases, purchases with loyalty cards, voluntary disclosures, social media posts.
- Data Gathering and Privacy Implications: Include Facebook tags, Enhanced 911 services, Rewards programs, Body scanners, RFID Tags, Implanted chips, OnStar, "black boxes", Medical records, DVRs, Cookies, and Flash Cookies
Examples of Consumer Backlash
- Marketplace Households: Consumers complained about Lotus Development Corporation selling personal data, leading to Lotus abandoning the project
- Facebook Beacon: Users' private purchase info was shared with friends without consent, prompting a harsh consumer backlash and a policy change by Facebook.
- Netflix Prize: Attempts to collect user ratings to create a better algorithm led to a privacy uproar resulting in lawsuits and policy changes
Other examples included but not limited to
- Malls Tracking Shoppers' Cell phones
- iPhone Apps Uploading Address Books
- Instagram's Proposed Change to Terms of Service information
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Description
This quiz explores the essential themes of information privacy as presented in Chapter 5. Delve into perspectives on privacy in the digital age, the impact of technology on personal data, and the benefits and harms of privacy. Reflect on how privacy violations can affect human dignity and societal structures.
