Chapter 5 Enzymes: Catalyst and Enzyme
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of an enzyme's active site?

  • Speeds up metabolic reactions
  • Specifically fits the substrate (correct)
  • Binds to the product
  • Lowers activation energy

    • What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

  • Gets consumed in the reaction
  • Speeds up metabolic reactions
  • Decreases activation energy (correct)
  • Binds to the substrate

    • Why are enzymes considered biological catalysts?

  • They speed up metabolic reactions (correct)
  • They decrease activation energy
  • They bind to the substrate
  • They are not changed by the reactions

    • What happens to enzymes after they catalyze a reaction?

    <p>They remain unchanged and can be used again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do enzymes contribute to sustaining life?

    <p>By speeding up metabolic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do enzymes speed up metabolic reactions?

    <p>By decreasing activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pectinase in fruit juice production?

    <p>Converting pectin into sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is lactose free milk produced using lactase enzyme?

    <p>To make it easier to digest for lactose intolerant individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme found in biological washing powders converts blood stains into soluble amino acids?

    <p>Protease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stains are removed by lipase enzyme in biological washing powders?

    <p>Grease stains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to convert pectin in fruit juice into soluble products?

    <p>To make the juice clearer and easily digestible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to milk sugar lactose when lactase enzyme acts on it?

    <p>It is broken down into simple sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason the rate of metabolic reaction is slow at low temperatures?

    <p>The enzyme and substrate have low kinetic energy and move slowly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of reaction as temperature increases?

    <p>The rate of reaction increases due to increased frequency of effective collisions between enzyme and substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature at which the rate of reaction is highest?

    <p>The optimum temperature for the enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the enzyme when the temperature is increased beyond the optimum temperature?

    <p>The enzyme denatures, causing the shape of the active site to change and the substrate to no longer fit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimum pH for enzymes working in the human body?

    <p>The optimum pH varies depending on the specific enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the enzyme's activity if the pH changes from its optimum level?

    <p>The enzyme's activity decreases, as the shape of the active site changes and the substrate can no longer fit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol allows them to be washed easily?

    <p>They dissolve in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using normal temperature water when washing with biological washing powders?

    <p>To preserve the enzymes in the washing powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the restriction enzyme in genetic modification?

    <p>It cuts DNA at specific sites to isolate genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sticky ends left by the restriction enzyme on the DNA strands?

    <p>To allow the DNA ligase to join the complementary strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the DNA formed by combining two different DNA pieces using DNA ligase?

    <p>Recombinant DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex?

    <p>The substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme due to their complementary shapes, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex, what happens to the enzyme?

    <p>The enzyme remains unchanged and can catalyze the conversion of another substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates like starch into maltose?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product formed when maltose is further broken down by the enzyme maltase?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine?

    <p>Trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing temperature beyond the optimum level on enzyme activity?

    <p>The enzyme denatures, losing its structure and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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