Chapter 5 Enzymes: Catalyst and Enzyme

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What is the function of an enzyme's active site?

Speeds up metabolic reactions

Specifically fits the substrate (correct)

Binds to the product

Lowers activation energy

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Gets consumed in the reaction

Speeds up metabolic reactions

Decreases activation energy (correct)

Binds to the substrate

Why are enzymes considered biological catalysts?

They speed up metabolic reactions (correct)

They decrease activation energy

They bind to the substrate

They are not changed by the reactions

What happens to enzymes after they catalyze a reaction?

They remain unchanged and can be used again Signup and view all the answers

How do enzymes contribute to sustaining life?

By speeding up metabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Why do enzymes speed up metabolic reactions?

By decreasing activation energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of pectinase in fruit juice production?

Converting pectin into sugar Signup and view all the answers

Why is lactose free milk produced using lactase enzyme?

To make it easier to digest for lactose intolerant individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme found in biological washing powders converts blood stains into soluble amino acids?

Protease Signup and view all the answers

What type of stains are removed by lipase enzyme in biological washing powders?

Grease stains Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to convert pectin in fruit juice into soluble products?

To make the juice clearer and easily digestible Signup and view all the answers

What happens to milk sugar lactose when lactase enzyme acts on it?

It is broken down into simple sugars Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason the rate of metabolic reaction is slow at low temperatures?

The enzyme and substrate have low kinetic energy and move slowly. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rate of reaction as temperature increases?

The rate of reaction increases due to increased frequency of effective collisions between enzyme and substrate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature at which the rate of reaction is highest?

The optimum temperature for the enzyme. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the enzyme when the temperature is increased beyond the optimum temperature?

The enzyme denatures, causing the shape of the active site to change and the substrate to no longer fit. Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimum pH for enzymes working in the human body?

The optimum pH varies depending on the specific enzyme. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the enzyme's activity if the pH changes from its optimum level?

The enzyme's activity decreases, as the shape of the active site changes and the substrate can no longer fit. Signup and view all the answers

Which property of amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol allows them to be washed easily?

They dissolve in water Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using normal temperature water when washing with biological washing powders?

To preserve the enzymes in the washing powder Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the restriction enzyme in genetic modification?

It cuts DNA at specific sites to isolate genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sticky ends left by the restriction enzyme on the DNA strands?

To allow the DNA ligase to join the complementary strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the DNA formed by combining two different DNA pieces using DNA ligase?

Recombinant DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex?

The substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme due to their complementary shapes, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. Signup and view all the answers

After the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex, what happens to the enzyme?

The enzyme remains unchanged and can catalyze the conversion of another substrate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates like starch into maltose?

Amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product formed when maltose is further broken down by the enzyme maltase?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine?

Trypsin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing temperature beyond the optimum level on enzyme activity?

The enzyme denatures, losing its structure and function. Signup and view all the answers