Chapter 4: Threads in Multithreading

A fundamental unit of CPU utilization used in multithreaded systems. It's like a lightweight process that shares resources with other threads within the same process.

A programming model designed to exploit multicore processors. It involves dividing tasks into smaller units that can run concurrently on different cores.

A programming approach where threads are created and managed by the programmer explicitly. It involves using libraries like Pthreads, Windows threads, or Java threads.

A programming approach where the creation and management of threads are handled automatically by the compiler or run-time libraries. It simplifies parallel programming.

A library that provides a standard API for creating and managing threads in a multithreaded environment. Offers functions for thread creation, synchronization, and communication.

A popular thread library that follows the POSIX standard. It's commonly used in UNIX systems like Linux, Mac OS X, and Solaris.

A model where multiple user threads are mapped to a single kernel thread. Blocking one thread blocks all others sharing the same kernel thread.

A model where each user thread has its own dedicated kernel thread. This allows for greater concurrency but can lead to more overhead.

A flexible model where multiple user threads can be mapped to multiple kernel threads. Allows the OS to create a suitable number of kernel threads.

A type of threading where the creation and management of threads are handled by a thread pool. This is more efficient than creating new threads for each task.

A technique for identifying parallel regions in code. It uses compiler directives and APIs to enable parallel execution on shared-memory systems.

A set of APIs and technologies that allow the programmer to take advantage of multicore systems by explicitly specifying parallel regions in their code.

A measure of how much faster a program can run with additional cores, considering both serial and parallel components. It shows that the speedup is limited by the serial portion.

Threads managed by a user-level thread library. They are not directly supported by the kernel.

Threads supported directly by the kernel, giving them more control over system resources.

The ability to execute multiple tasks seemingly simultaneously, even on a single-core system. It gives the illusion of parallelism.

The ability to actually execute multiple tasks at the same time, using multiple processing cores. True parallel execution.

A code block within a multithreaded program that can be executed concurrently by multiple threads.

An approach to improve responsiveness in multithreaded programs. If one thread blocks, other threads can continue executing, keeping the application active.

An approach to simplify thread management by sharing resources among threads within the same process. It's easier than inter-process communication.

Creating a thread is less expensive than creating a process due to thread creation's lower overhead.

The ability for a multithreaded application to utilize multiple processors or cores for faster parallel execution.

A technique that involves distributing subsets of the same data across multiple cores so that the same operation can be performed concurrently.

A technique that involves distributing threads across multiple cores, where each thread performs a unique operation.

The ability to execute multiple tasks in a way that makes progress, even if not truly parallel, by interleaving their execution.

The ability to execute multiple tasks truly simultaneously, using multiple cores, allowing for actual parallel execution.

A multithreaded server architecture where each thread handles a separate client connection. It allows for better scalability and responsiveness.

A type of thread that runs within the user space, managed by a user-level thread library.

A type of thread that is supported directly by the operating system's kernel, allowing for more control over resources.