Chapter 4 Skin and Body Membranes Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the Mucous Tissue Type?

Lamina Propria - Epithelial sheet with underlying connective tissue

What are common locations of Mucous?

  • Lines respiratory tract (correct)
  • Reproductive tract (correct)
  • Urinary tract (correct)
  • Digestive tract (correct)

What are the functions of Mucous?

  • Absorption (correct)
  • Secretion (correct)
  • Protection (correct)
  • Lubrication (correct)

What is the Serous Tissue Type?

<p>Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Serous tissue commonly located?

<p>Lines internal ventral body cavities (A), Covers organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Serous tissue?

<p>Produce a lubricating fluid that reduces friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cutaneous Tissue Type?

<p>Epithelial epidermis and connective tissue dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Cutaneous tissue commonly located?

<p>Covers body exterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of Cutaneous tissue?

<p>Protection from external insults and water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Synovial Tissue Type?

<p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Synovial tissue commonly located?

<p>Lines joint cavities of synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of Synovial tissue?

<p>Produce lubrication and decrease friction within joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do epidermal dendritic cells and macrophages represent?

<p>Biological barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does intact epidermis represent?

<p>Mechanical (physical) barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do bacterial secretions represent?

<p>Chemical barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represent a combination of barriers?

<p>Keratin (A), Melanin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does a sunburn impair the body's ability to defend itself?

<p>Sunburn inhibits the immune response by depressing macrophage activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of sweat glands in maintaining body temperature homeostasis.

<p>Body temperature goes up, sweat glands activate, sympathetic nervous system, sweat evaporates &amp; carries heat with it</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cutaneous sensory receptors that reside in the skin are actually part of the ___ system.

<p>nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Four types of stimuli that can be detected by certain cutaneous receptors are ___, ___, ___, and ___.

<p>Temperature, pain, pressure-deep, pressure-light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin D is synthesized when modified ___ molecules in the skin are irradiated by UV (sun) light.

<p>cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin D is synthesized when modified cholesterol molecules in the skin are irradiated by ___ light.

<p>UV (sun)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin D is important for the absorption and metabolism of ___ ions.

<p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are translucent cells, containing keratin?

<p>Stratum lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are strata containing all or mostly dead cells?

<p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dermis layer responsible for fingerprints?

<p>Papillary layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general description of the dermis as a whole?

<p>vascular region</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermal region involved in rapid cell division, most inferior epidermal layer?

<p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are scalelike cells full of keratin that constantly flake off?

<p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of elastic and collagen fibers?

<p>Dermis as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of melanin formation?

<p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major skin area from which the derivatives (hair, nails) arise?

<p>Epidermis as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermal layer containing the oldest cells?

<p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What becomes leather when tanned?

<p>Dermis as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which DOES NOT belong: reticular layer, keratin, dermal papillae, Meissner's corpuscles?

<p>Keratin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which DOES NOT belong: melanin, freckle, wart, malignant melanoma?

<p>Wart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which DOES NOT belong: prickle cells, stratum basale, stratum spinosum, cell shrinkage?

<p>Stratum basale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which DOES NOT belong: Meissner's corpuscles, lamellar corpuscles, Merkel's cells, arrector pili?

<p>Arrector pili (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is most responsible for the skin color of dark-skinned people?

<p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment provides an orange cast on the skin?

<p>Carotene</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment provides a natural sunscreen?

<p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is most responsible for the skin color of light-skinned (Caucasian) people?

<p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is phagocytized by keratinocytes?

<p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is found predominantly in the stratum corneum?

<p>Carotene</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is found in red blood cells in the blood vessels?

<p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Radiation from the skin surface and evaporation of sweat are two ways in which the skin helps to get rid of the body ___

<p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fat in the ____ tissue layer beneath the dermis helps to insulate the body.

<p>subcutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

A vitamin that is manufactured in the skin is ___

<p>Vitamin D 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wrinkling of the skin is caused by loss of the ____ of the skin.

<p>elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

A decubitus ulcer results when skin cells are deprived of _____

<p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ is a bluish cast of the skin resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

<p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

A saltwater solution is secreted by sebaceous glands.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most abundant protein in dead epidermal structures such as hair and nails is melanin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sebum is an oily mixture of lipids, cholesterol, and cell fragments.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The externally observable part of a hair is called the root.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The epidermis provides mechanical strength of the skin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mucous Tissue

Epithelial sheets supported by connective tissue, found in respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

Serous Tissue

Simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue, found in internal body cavities and organ surfaces, producing lubricating fluid.

Cutaneous Tissue

Epithelial epidermis and connective tissue dermis that covers the body, providing protection and preventing water loss.

Synovial Tissue

Connective tissue lining joint cavities, producing lubrication to reduce friction.

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Skin Defense Mechanisms

Epidermal dendritic cells, macrophages, intact epidermis, bacterial secretions, keratin, melanin, and the acid mantle.

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Sunburn Effect on Immunity

It inhibits the immune response by depressing macrophage activity.

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Sweat Glands Role

They are activated by increased body temperature via the sympathetic nervous system, aiding in temperature homeostasis through sweat evaporation.

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Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

Detect temperature, pain, deep pressure, and light pressure.

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Vitamin D Synthesis

Created by UV light modifying cholesterol molecules in the skin; essential for calcium absorption and metabolism.

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Stratum Lucidum

Translucent cells with keratin.

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Stratum Corneum

Dead, scalelike cells that constantly flake off.

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Papillary Layer

Responsible for fingerprints.

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Dermis Composition

Vascularized layer containing elastic and collagen fibers.

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Stratum Basale

It is the site of rapid cell division and melanin formation.

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Melanin

Most responsible for skin color in dark-skinned individuals.

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Carotene's effect on skin

Provides an orange hue to the skin.

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Hemoglobin

Influences skin coloration in light-skinned

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Skin's role in Thermal Regulation

Dissipates body heat through radiation and sweating.

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Subcutaneous Fat Layer

Insulates the body.

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Vitamin D3 Synthesis Location

Manufactured in the skin.

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Loss of Skin Elasticity

Contributes to wrinkling.

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Decubitus Ulcers

Occur when skin cells lack oxygen.

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Cyanosis

Indicates inadequate blood oxygenation.

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Sebum composition?

A lipid and cell fragment mixture important for lubrication.

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Hair shaft

The visible part of the hair is called the shaft.

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Dermis Strength

Mechanical strength of the skin is attributed to the dermis.

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Study Notes

Mucous Tissue

  • Composed of a lamina propria featuring epithelial sheets supported by connective tissue.
  • Common locations: respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
  • Functions include protection, secretion, lubrication, and absorption.

Serous Tissue

  • Consists of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue.
  • Common locations: internal ventral body cavities and organ surfaces.
  • Functions to produce lubricating fluid that reduces friction.

Cutaneous Tissue

  • Made up of epithelial epidermis and connective tissue dermis.
  • Covers the body’s exterior.
  • Main functions: protection from external threats and prevention of water loss.

Synovial Tissue

  • A type of connective tissue.
  • Lines joint cavities in synovial joints.
  • Produces lubrication to decrease friction within joints.

Skin Defense Mechanisms

  • Epidermal dendritic cells and macrophages serve as biological barriers.
  • Intact epidermis provides a mechanical barrier.
  • Bacterial secretions and keratin function as chemical barriers.
  • Melanin and acid mantle assist in chemical protection.

Sunburn Effects

  • Mild sunburn inhibits immune response by depressing macrophage activity.

Sweat Glands and Temperature Regulation

  • Increased body temperature activates sweat glands through the sympathetic nervous system.
  • Sweat evaporation carries heat away from the body, aiding in temperature homeostasis.

Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

  • Part of the nervous system.
  • Detects stimuli such as temperature, pain, deep pressure, and light pressure.

Vitamin D Synthesis

  • Synthesized when UV light modifies cholesterol molecules in the skin.
  • Essential for the absorption and metabolism of calcium ions.

Skin Layers and Features

  • Stratum lucidum: translucent cells with keratin.
  • Stratum corneum: composed mainly of dead cells, scalelike, constantly flaking off.
  • Papillary layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints.
  • Dermis is vascularized, containing elastic and collagen fibers.
  • Stratum basale: site of rapid cell division and melanin formation.

Skin Color and Pigmentation

  • Melanin is most responsible for skin color in dark-skinned individuals.
  • Carotene provides an orange hue to the skin.
  • Hemoglobin is prevalent in the blood vessels, influencing light-skinned coloration.

Thermal Regulation

  • Skin helps dissipate body heat through radiation and sweating.
  • Fat in the subcutaneous tissue layer below the dermis insulates the body.

Skin Health Concerns

  • Vitamin D3 is manufactured in the skin.
  • Loss of skin elasticity contributes to wrinkling.
  • Decubitus ulcers occur when skin cells lack oxygen.
  • Cyanosis indicates inadequate blood oxygenation.

True or False Statements

  • Sweat glands secrete a saltwater solution. (False: it's sebaceous glands)
  • Keratin is the most abundant protein in dead epidermal structures like hair and nails. (False: it's melanin)
  • Sebum is composed of an oily mixture of lipids and cell fragments. (True)
  • The observable part of a hair is called the shaft, not the root. (False)
  • The mechanical strength of the skin is attributed to the dermis, not the epidermis. (False)

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