Chapter 4: Relational Databases Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary key in a relational database?

A primary key is the attribute, or combination of attributes, that uniquely identifies a specific row in a table.

Explain what a foreign key is and how it is used in a relational database.

A foreign key is an attribute in one table that is also a primary key in another table and is used to link the two tables.

What problems can arise if data is stored in one large table in a relational database?

Update anomaly, Insert anomaly, Delete anomaly.

What is the significance of having a set of related tables in a relational database?

<p>Having a set of related tables helps in reducing redundancy and inefficiency in the database.</p>
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What are the rules for relational database design regarding primary keys and foreign keys?

<p>Primary key must be single valued and not null; Foreign key must correspond to a primary key value in another table.</p>
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What is the purpose of normalization in relational database design?

<p>Normalization helps in organizing data into multiple related tables to reduce redundancy and anomalies.</p>
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What is a file in the context of a database?

<p>A related group of records</p>
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Define data analytics.

<p>Analyzing large amounts of data for strategic decision making</p>
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What are the advantages of using databases?

<p>Data is integrated, Data sharing, Minimize data redundancy and inconsistencies, Data is independent of the programs that use the data, Data is easily accessed for reporting and cross-functional analysis</p>
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At what level of the database do different users have logical views of the data?

<p>External level</p>
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What is the physical view of the data in a database?

<p>How the data is actually physically stored in the system</p>
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What do designers of a database need to understand in order to create an effective database?

<p>Users’ needs and the conceptual level of the entire database as well as the physical view</p>
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What is a schema at the conceptual level?

<p>An organization-wide view of the entire database.</p>
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What is the purpose of access rights in a subschema?

<p>To grant permissions for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data.</p>
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What is the role of a data dictionary in database design?

<p>It serves as a 'blueprint' of the database structure.</p>
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What is the function of Data Definition Language (DDL) in a DBMS?

<p>DDL builds the data dictionary, creates the database, and specifies security constraints.</p>
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What does Data Manipulation Language (DML) do?

<p>DML changes database content by updating, inserting, or deleting data elements.</p>
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What is the purpose of Data Query Language (DQL)?

<p>DQL enables users to retrieve, sort, order, and display data.</p>
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What approach involves using knowledge of business processes and information needs to create a database diagram?

<p>Semantic data modeling</p>
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How do users retrieve specific information from a relational database without having to sort through all the files?

<p>By querying the data</p>
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What are the Four V’s of Big Data?

<p>Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity</p>
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How do database systems expand accounting's ability to produce reports?

<p>By providing real-time dynamic reports</p>
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What does the term 'big data' refer to?

<p>Massive amounts of data captured, stored, and analyzed by companies</p>
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What does having an 'analytics mindset' refer to?

<p>A mental attitude or way of thinking</p>
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What is an analytics mindset?

<p>A way of thinking that centers on the correct use of data and analysis for decision making.</p>
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What are the characteristics of a good data analytic question?

<p>Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timely</p>
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What does the ETL process stand for?

<p>Extract, Transform, Load</p>
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Why is the ETL process important in the analytics mindset?

<p>It is often the most time-consuming part of the analytics mindset process.</p>
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What are the three steps in the data extraction process?

<p>Understand data needs and the data available, Perform the data extraction</p>
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How can repetitive ETL processes be managed efficiently?

<p>They can be fully automated so that the extracting, transforming, and loading data is done entirely by a computer program.</p>
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