Questions and Answers
What are the components of the Axial Skeleton?
Which of the following is part of the Appendicular Skeleton?
What is a ligament?
A short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages.
What is the function of tendons?
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Define abduction.
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Define adduction.
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What is flexion?
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What is extension?
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Define circumduction.
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What does rotation refer to?
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What is pronation?
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What is supination?
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What is cartilage?
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What are muscles?
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What is bone?
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What are short bones?
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Define long bones.
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What are flat bones?
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What are irregular bones?
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What is the epiphysis?
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Define diaphysis.
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What is the periosteum?
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What is the epiphyseal plate?
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What is the radius?
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What is the ulna?
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What is the humerus?
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What is the clavicle?
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What is the scapula?
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What are carpals?
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What are metacarpals?
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What are phalanges?
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Study Notes
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
- The axial skeleton includes the skull, sternum, ribs, spine (vertebrae), and coccyx.
- The appendicular skeleton consists of the clavicle, scapula, humerus, pelvic girdle, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, phalange, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsal, and phalange.
Connective Tissues
- Ligaments are tough, flexible connective tissues connecting two bones or cartilages and stabilize joints (bone to bone).
- Tendons are strong, fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones, enabling limb movement (muscle to bone).
Joint Movements
- Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the body's midline.
- Adduction brings a limb towards the midline.
- Flexion refers to the bending motion, especially at joints.
- Extension involves straightening limbs back towards a straight condition.
- Circumduction allows for circular movement around a central point.
- Rotation is the movement around an axis, exemplified by the head's motion on the neck.
- Pronation denotes turning the hand or foot downward/backward, while supination involves turning the palm or foot upward.
Bone Types and Anatomy
- Cartilage is a strong, flexible tissue covering bone ends in joints and found in various body parts (nose, ears, etc.).
- Bone comprises the hard tissues that create the skeleton in vertebrates.
Classification of Bones
- Short bones are cube-shaped, providing support and stability with little to no movement.
- Long bones, like the femur and humerus, are longer than they are wide, providing strength and mobility.
- Flat bones, such as the scapula and ribs, are thin and provide protection or broad surfaces for muscle attachment.
- Irregular bones have complex shapes, exemplified by the vertebrae.
Bone Structure
- The epiphysis refers to the wide ends of long bones.
- The diaphysis is the shaft or central part of a long bone.
- The periosteum is a membrane covering most bones, containing nerves and blood vessels.
- The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) is a cartilage layer between the epiphysis and diaphysis, critical for bone growth, ceasing around adolescence.
Specific Bones and Their Locations
- The radius is the thicker, shorter bone on the thumb side of the forearm.
- The ulna is the thinner, longer bone located on the pinky side of the forearm.
- The humerus is the upper arm bone forming joints at the shoulder and elbow.
- The clavicle is commonly known as the collarbone.
- The scapula is referred to as the shoulder blade.
- Carpals are the bones constituting the wrist.
- Metacarpals are the bones forming the palm of the hand.
- Phalanges are the finger bones, comprising both hands and feet.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the human skeletal system with these flashcards covering the axial and appendicular skeletons. Learn about various bones and ligaments that form the structure of the body. This quiz is perfect for students studying anatomy and related topics.