85 Questions
What is the purpose of waxy cuticles on the surfaces of plants?
To keep water inside
Which structures are responsible for gas exchange in plants?
Stomata and lenticel
What is the main function of seeds in plants?
To protect and provide nutrients to the embryo until germination
How do plants obtain nutrients in water?
By developing vascular tissue
What adaptation do plants develop to mitigate sunburns?
Habitat appropriate interception structure (leaves)
In what way do seeds differ from spores in plants?
Seeds house an immature sporophyte in a protective shell
Which phylum includes the Ginkgo Biloba plant?
Phylum Ginkgophyta
Which plant species is known for being the largest genus in the Phylum Coniferophyta?
Pines (Pinus sp.)
Which plant type is known for having needle-like leaves and being mostly monoecious?
Bristlecone pines
Which plant is characterized by having super thick bark that can withstand fires?
Longleaf Pine
Which of the following plants is deciduous and loses its needles in winter, which are bright red or orange?
Bald Cypress
What is the dominant stage in Gymnosperms?
Sporophyte
Which phylum of Gymnosperms includes plants with mostly evergreen needle-like leaves?
Coniferophyta
Which Gymnosperm phylum is characterized by being dioecious, having motile sperm, and typically seen in tropical or subtropical areas?
Cycadophyta
Which Gymnosperm phylum has a single extant species and is known for its fan-shaped leaves and odiferous seeds?
Ginkgophyta
Which Gymnosperm phylum includes plants with morphologically diverse characteristics and are deciduous?
Gnetophyta
Which type of cones in Gymnosperms house the male gametophyte that grows into pollen grains?
Pollen cones
How do plants keep water and prevent desiccation?
Plants develop waxy cuticles on all surfaces to keep water inside.
What is the purpose of developing habitat-appropriate interception structures in plants?
To get enough sunlight and mitigate sunburns.
How do plants obtain carbon dioxide and release oxygen?
Plants develop adaptive structures for gas exchange like stomata and lenticels.
Why do seeds provide benefits that spores do not?
Seeds are immature sporophytes housed in protective shells with food reserves.
What strategies do plants develop to protect and spread their offspring?
Plants develop embryo protection strategies like fruit, nuts, and eggs, as well as strategies for dispersal.
How do plants structurally support their bodies for competition and environmental conditions?
Plants develop strong cell and body architecture to compete for resources and withstand winds.
Which plant species is considered the largest genus in the Phylum Coniferophyta?
Pines (Pinus sp.)
Name a coniferous tree that is known for having super thick bark that can withstand fires.
Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)
What is the native deciduous coniferous tree in North Carolina that loses its needles in winter, which turn bright red or orange?
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Which Gymnosperm phylum includes plants with morphologically diverse characteristics and are deciduous?
Ginkgophyta
Name the Gymnosperm phylum that is characterized by being dioecious, having motile sperm, and typically seen in tropical or subtropical areas.
Cycadophyta
What are the characteristics of Gymnosperms?
Sporophyte dominant, heterosporous, dioecious gametophyte, with megaphylls.
What are the ethnobotanical uses of Coniferophyta (Conifers)?
Masts, wood, turpentine, pine needle tea, fuel, perfume, lumber, crates, and furniture.
Describe the characteristics of Cycadophyta (Cycads).
Dioecious sporophyte, evergreen, typically found in tropical or subtropical areas, and have tracheids.
What are the unique features of Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo Biloba)?
Dioecious sporophyte, fan-shaped leaves, dichotomous branching, deciduous, and odiferous seeds.
What are the characteristics of Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes)?
Dioecious sporophyte, morphologically diverse, deciduous, and have non-motile sperm.
What are the types of vascular tissue found in Gymnosperms?
Tracheids in all 4 phyla, vessel elements in Gnetophyta, and secondary xylem for wood production.
Plants stay close to water or develop vascular tissue to obtain nutrients in __________
water
Waxy cuticles on all surfaces of plants help to keep water ________
inside
Plants develop habitat-appropriate interception structures like ________ to get enough sunlight
leaves
The first seed plants are like fern-like in appearance and were initially classified as Pteridosperms, but later reclassified as ________.
Gymnosperms
Plants develop adaptive structures like Stomata and lenticels for ________ exchange
gas
Gymnosperms have the ________ dominant in their life cycle.
Sporophyte
Seeds house an immature Sporophyte and have a food reserve, providing protection and minimal nutrients until ________
germination
Plants develop strategies for embryo dispersal to protect and spread their ________
offspring
Phylum Coniferophyta is characterized by having mostly ________ sperm.
Non-motile
Cycadophyta, also known as Cycads, are typically seen in ________ or subtropical areas.
Tropical
Ginkgophyta, represented by Ginkgo Biloba, has ________ sporophyte.
Dioecious
Gnetophyta, also known as Gnetophytes, have a combination of tracheids and ________ elements in their vascular tissue.
Vessel
The Superdivision for seed plants is Spermatophyta, also known as ________
Tracheophyta
The Phylum Cycadophyta consists of ________
Cycads
The Phylum Ginkgophyta includes the plant known as Ginkgo ________
Biloba
The world's oldest known living organisms belong to the genus ________, within the Phylum Coniferophyta
Pinus
The native deciduous coniferous tree in North Carolina that loses its needles in winter, turning bright red or orange, is the Bald ________
Cypress
Match the adaptations needed by plants with the corresponding strategies:
Obtain nutrients in water = Stay close to water or develop vascular tissue Keep water and stop desiccation = Waxy cuticles on all surfaces keep water inside Get enough sunlight = Develop habitat appropriate interception structure (leaves) and ways to mitigate sunburns Protect and spread offspring = Develop embryo protection strategies (fruit, nuts, eggs) and strategies for embryo dispersal
Match the structures responsible for gas exchange with their functions:
Stomata = Gas exchange Lenticel = Gas exchange
Match the plant types with their leaf characteristics:
Coniferous trees = Mostly evergreen needle-like leaves Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo Biloba) = Distinct fan-shaped leaves Cycadophyta (Cycads) = Typically have palm-like leaves
Match the plant parts with their functions:
Seeds = House an immature Sporophyte and have a food reserve, providing protection and minimal nutrients until germination Waxy cuticles = Help to keep water inside the plant
Match the Gymnosperm phyla with their characteristics:
Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo Biloba) = Dioecious, has distinct fan-shaped leaves, and odiferous seeds Coniferophyta (Conifers) = Characterized by mostly evergreen needle-like leaves
Match the vascular tissue types found in Gymnosperms with their descriptions:
Tracheids = Responsible for water transport Other vascular elements = Additional structural support in vascular tissue
Match the following Gymnosperm phyla with their respective plant types:
Coniferophyta = Conifers Ginkgophyta = Ginkgo Biloba Cycadophyta = Cycads Gnetophyta = Gnetophytes
Match the following Gymnosperm phyla with their unique characteristics:
Coniferophyta = Needle-like leaves and mostly monoecious Ginkgophyta = Represented by Ginkgo Biloba Cycadophyta = Typically seen in tropical or subtropical areas Gnetophyta = Combination of tracheids and other elements in vascular tissue
Match the following Gymnosperm trees with their characteristics:
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) = Deciduous, loses needles in winter (bright red, orange) Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) = Super thick bark that withstands fires Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) = Predominant species Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) = -
Match the following parts of Gymnosperms with their descriptions:
Pines (Pinus sp.) = Needle-like leaves, mostly monoecious, largest genus Bristlecone pines = World's oldest known living organisms Female Conifers = - Image Below (left) = -
Match the following terms related to Gymnosperms with their functions:
Superdivision: Spermatophyta = - Seed plants = - Embryo dispersal = - Waxy cuticles = -
Match the following Gymnosperm phyla with their characteristics:
Coniferophyta = Mostly evergreen, monoecious sporophyte, needle-like leaves Cycadophyta = Dioecious sporophyte, tracheids, typically seen in tropical or subtropical areas Ginkgophyta = Single extant species, fan-shaped leaves, odiferous seeds Gnetophyta = Morphologically diverse, deciduous, non-motile sperm
Match the following Gymnosperm phyla with their ethnobotanical uses:
Coniferophyta = Wood, fuel, perfume Cycadophyta = Horticulture uses Ginkgophyta = Horticulture, urban areas (in air pollution), extract for blood pressure Gnetophyta = Drug extracts (ephedrine), weight loss
Match the following terms with their descriptions in Gymnosperms:
Tracheids = Present in all 4 phyla of Gymnosperms Vessel elements = Found in Gnetophyta's vascular tissue Pollen cones = House microspores that grow into pollen grains Ovulate cones = Produce megaspores that grow into female gametophyte
Match the following adaptations with the corresponding plant structures:
Waxy cuticles = Help keep water on plant surfaces Needle-like leaves = Mostly found in Coniferophyta for water conservation Fan-shaped leaves = Characteristic of Ginkgophyta Tracheids and vessel elements = Present in Gnetophyta's vascular tissue
Match the following seed plant features with their functions:
Seeds = House immature sporophyte and provide protection until germination Pollen cones = House male gametophyte that grows into pollen grains Ovulate cones = Produce megaspores that grow into female gametophyte Waxy cuticles = Help prevent water loss on plant surfaces
Match the following plant types with their characteristics:
Evergreen needle-like leaves = Characteristic of Coniferophyta and mostly monoecious sporophyte Dioecious sporophyte in tropical areas = Common in Cycadophyta with tracheids Single extant species with odiferous seeds = Represented by Ginkgophyta with fan-shaped leaves Morphologically diverse deciduous plants = Found in Gnetophyta with non-motile sperm
What is the purpose of developing waxy cuticles on all surfaces of plants?
To keep water inside and prevent desiccation
Why do plants develop habitat-appropriate interception structures like leaves?
To mitigate sunburns
What is the main function of seeds in plants?
To protect and spread offspring
Why are adaptive structures like Stomata important for plants?
To allow for gas exchange
What distinguishes seeds from spores in plants?
Seeds house a food reserve
Which characteristic is unique to Gnetophyta among Gymnosperms?
Morphologically diverse plants
Why do plants develop cell and body architecture that is strong enough to compete for resources and withstand winds?
To provide structural support to the body
What is the primary method of reproduction in Coniferophyta?
Ovulate cones
In Gymnosperms, which phylum features mostly evergreen plants with needle-like leaves?
Coniferophyta
What is a common ethnobotanical use of Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo Biloba)?
Horticultural purposes
Which Gymnosperm phylum is known for having a single extant species and fan-shaped leaves?
Ginkgophyta
Which feature distinguishes Cycadophyta from other Gymnosperm phyla?
High parenchyma cells in wood
What is the Phylum of the world's oldest known living organisms, such as Bristlecone pines?
Coniferophyta
Which coniferous tree is characterized by having super thick bark that can withstand fires?
Longleaf Pine
Which Gymnosperm phylum includes plants with mostly evergreen needle-like leaves and includes Pines as a major genus?
Coniferophyta
Which plant is typically deciduous, losing its needles in winter, turning bright red or orange?
Bald Cypress
What is the primary characteristic of Female Conifers like Bald Cypress and Longleaf Pine in terms of needle shedding?
Deciduous; looses needles in winter (bright red, orange)
Test your knowledge on the adaptations needed by gymnosperms to live in a terrestrial environment. Explore ways gymnosperms obtain nutrients in water, strategies to prevent desiccation, methods to regulate sunlight exposure, and mechanisms for obtaining carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
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