Chapter 22 Physics Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does it mean when an object becomes electrically polarized?

its charges have been rearranged.

What do the protons in the nucleus of a helium atom do?

attract a pair of orbiting electrons.

What phenomenon occurs when you rub an inflated balloon against your hair and place it against the wall?

Charge polarization

What does a positive ion have more of?

protons than electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is electric potential measured in?

volts Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition will a balloon stick to a wooden wall?

if the balloon is charged negatively or positively Signup and view all the answers

What is an electrically charged atom called?

ion Signup and view all the answers

Which undergoes greater acceleration in an electric field: a proton or an electron?

electron Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the force between two charged particles if one charge is doubled and the distance is halved?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why is there electric shielding inside a conductor?

any free electrons inside would be set in motion until equilibrium is established on the outside. Signup and view all the answers

What type of building framing should you avoid during a lightning strike?

wood Signup and view all the answers

What is the electric field like inside an uncharged metal ball?

zero Signup and view all the answers

How does electric charge distribute itself on conducting surfaces?

such that the electric field inside is zero and with greater concentration on more curved parts. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an uncharged pith ball when a negatively charged rubber rod is brought near it?

becomes polarized Signup and view all the answers

If one electron is pushed into an electric field and acquires 1-V electrical potential, what is the potential of two electrons pushed the same distance?

1 V Signup and view all the answers

As a positive charge and a negative charge are released from a distance, what happens to the force on each particle?

increases Signup and view all the answers

If two charged particles lose acceleration as they move, what can be inferred about their charges?

the same sign Signup and view all the answers

What happens to two charged particles that are held close together and released?

their speeds increase. Signup and view all the answers

If two charged particles are released and the force on them increases, what can be inferred about their charges?

opposite signs Signup and view all the answers

What is electrostatics?

the study of electric charges at rest or that move in quick bursts Signup and view all the answers

What does electrodynamics study?

the study of moving electric charges - flow of current electricity Signup and view all the answers

What is conservation of charge?

electrons transfer from one object to another, but overall charge must remain constant. Signup and view all the answers

What does Coulomb's law describe?

electrical force is directly proportional to the charge on each particle and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Signup and view all the answers

What does F represent in an electric field?

the force that a charge experiences in that field at that location. Signup and view all the answers

What does Q represent in the context of electric charge?

the charge on that test charge. Signup and view all the answers

What are the units for electric field strength?

newton/ coulomb Signup and view all the answers

What is electric potential energy?

a charged object will have potential energy by virtue of its location in an electric field. Signup and view all the answers

What is electric shielding?

when an object is coated in or made of conducting material, all charge builds up on the surface and especially at the corners. Signup and view all the answers

What is the electric field?

a force field surrounding any electric charge or group of electric charges. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a particle to be electrically polarized?

when the center of charge moves within an atom. Signup and view all the answers

What is charging by induction?

inducing a charge separation on a conductor then preventing those changes from returning to where they started. Signup and view all the answers

What is charge polarization?

charging by induction on insulators. Signup and view all the answers

What does Q equal to in the context of charge?

Charge and is measured in Coulombs. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electric Charge and Polarization

Electrically polarized objects have rearranged charges, leading to a separation of positive and negative regions.
Helium atom's protons attract orbiting electrons, maintaining atomic structure.
Charge polarization example: a rubbed balloon sticks to a wall due to induced charges.

Ions and Electric Potential

Positive ions have more protons than electrons, indicating a net positive charge.
Electric potential, measured in volts, is calculated as electric energy per unit charge.
A charged balloon can adhere to surfaces like wood when it carries a net charge (positive or negative).

Electric Forces and Motion

An electron experiences greater acceleration than a proton within the same electric field due to its smaller mass.
Forces between charged particles change with charge variation and distance alteration, according to Coulomb's law.

Conductors and Electric Fields

Inside an uncharged conductor, the electric field is zero; charging it doesn't change this within the material.
Electric charge distributes on conducting surfaces, concentrating at curved regions while keeping the interior field zero.

Electrophysics Principles

Charging by induction creates charge separation without physical contact, inducing polarity in nearby objects.
Electrostatics focuses on static or slowly moving electrical charges, while electrodynamics examines flowing electric currents.

Conservation and Electrical Energy

Charge conservation means electrons can transfer between objects, but total charge remains constant overall.
Electric field strength is described in newtons per coulomb, representing force per unit charge.

Electric Field Characteristics

Electric field surrounds any electric charge, with direction defined by effects on a positive test charge.
Field strength is indicated by line density; closer lines signify stronger fields.

Summary of Key Terms

Electric shielding occurs in conductors where surface charges accumulate, particularly at edges.
Charge polarization moves charge centers within atoms under external influence, critical for understanding insulators.
Electric potential energy arises from a charged object's position in an electric field, affecting its capability to do work.

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Description

Test your knowledge of electric polarization and atomic structure with these flashcards from Chapter 22 of your physics course. Each card contains key concepts that are essential for understanding charge interaction and atom behavior. Perfect for revision and reinforcement of fundamental physics principles.