Chapter 22: Female Reproduction Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What effect does progesterone have in the breast?

  • Increases estrogen receptors
  • Stimulates development of lobules and alveoli (correct)
  • Promotes ovulation
  • Causes menstrual abnormalities

Which condition is characterized by absence of menstrual periods?

  • Amenorrhea (correct)
  • Oligomenorrhea
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Metrorrhagia

What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?

  • Primary ovarian disorders
  • Pregnancy (correct)
  • Hypothalamic diseases
  • Pituitary disorders

What is the rule for anovulatory cycles in women?

<p>Common in some infertile women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone has been associated with symptomatic relief in the premenstrual syndrome?

<p>Fluoxetine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone plays a role in causing the symptoms of dysmenorrhea?

<p>Prostaglandins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube?

<p>Fertilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does metrorrhagia refer to?

<p>Bleeding between periods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the differentiation of the primitive gonads into testes or ovaries in utero?

<p>Genetic determination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for the formation of male genitalia?

<p>Presence of a functional, secreting testis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes male sexual behavior in some species?

<p>Male hormones on the brain in early development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activates the gonads in adolescence?

<p>Gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the appearance of adult features and the onset of the sexual cycle in females?

<p>Hormones secreted by the gonads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ovarian function in human females after a number of years?

<p>It regresses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gonadal function in males with advancing age?

<p>It slowly declines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the presence of testicular tissue in utero?

<p>Development is male (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of estrogen in the uterus?

<p>Promotes hypertrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of estrogen therapy discontinuation?

<p>Causes withdrawal bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is indicated as a risk factor for endometrial cancer?

<p>Estrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does estrogen do to breast growth in girls at puberty?

<p>Causes breast enlargement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effects does progesterone have on myometrial cells?

<p>Reduces spontaneous electrical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target organ of progesterone among the following?

<p>Uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ becomes more active under the influence of estrogen?

<p>Uterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of estrogen dominance on the uterus's sensitivity to oxytocin?

<p>Increases sensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in somatic cells of normal females?

<p>The X-inactivation center (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the selection of which X chromosome remains active determined in normal females?

<p>Randomly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gonads in both male and female mammals until they are activated by gonadotropins from the pituitary gland?

<p>They become quiescent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the period of final maturation of the reproductive system known as?

<p>Puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inducer is likely responsible for the inactivation process in the X-inactivation center during embryonic development?

<p>CTCF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in adult females may contain an active X chromosome of paternal or maternal origin?

<p>Somatic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Leydig cells after a burst of testosterone secretion in male fetuses?

<p>They become quiescent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the activation of gonads in both sexes to bring about final maturation of the reproductive system?

<p>Gonadotropins from the pituitary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of endometrial prolactin late in the luteal phase?

<p>Unknown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the vaginal epithelium to become cornified?

<p>Estrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of progesterone in the proliferation of the vaginal epithelium?

<p>Promoting growth and proliferation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the cyclical changes in the breasts during the menstrual cycle?

<p>Estrogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is considered thermogenic and responsible for the rise in basal body temperature after ovulation?

<p>Progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do women experience breast swelling, tenderness, and pain before menstruation?

<p>Distention of ducts, hyperemia, and edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with menopause?

<p>Breast swelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a reliable indicator of the time of ovulation?

<p>Basal body temperature change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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