Chapter 22: Female Reproduction Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What effect does progesterone have in the breast?

  • Increases estrogen receptors
  • Stimulates development of lobules and alveoli (correct)
  • Promotes ovulation
  • Causes menstrual abnormalities
  • Which condition is characterized by absence of menstrual periods?

  • Amenorrhea (correct)
  • Oligomenorrhea
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Metrorrhagia
  • What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?

  • Primary ovarian disorders
  • Pregnancy (correct)
  • Hypothalamic diseases
  • Pituitary disorders
  • What is the rule for anovulatory cycles in women?

    <p>Common in some infertile women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone has been associated with symptomatic relief in the premenstrual syndrome?

    <p>Fluoxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone plays a role in causing the symptoms of dysmenorrhea?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metrorrhagia refer to?

    <p>Bleeding between periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the differentiation of the primitive gonads into testes or ovaries in utero?

    <p>Genetic determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for the formation of male genitalia?

    <p>Presence of a functional, secreting testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes male sexual behavior in some species?

    <p>Male hormones on the brain in early development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates the gonads in adolescence?

    <p>Gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the appearance of adult features and the onset of the sexual cycle in females?

    <p>Hormones secreted by the gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ovarian function in human females after a number of years?

    <p>It regresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gonadal function in males with advancing age?

    <p>It slowly declines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the presence of testicular tissue in utero?

    <p>Development is male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of estrogen in the uterus?

    <p>Promotes hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of estrogen therapy discontinuation?

    <p>Causes withdrawal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is indicated as a risk factor for endometrial cancer?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does estrogen do to breast growth in girls at puberty?

    <p>Causes breast enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effects does progesterone have on myometrial cells?

    <p>Reduces spontaneous electrical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target organ of progesterone among the following?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ becomes more active under the influence of estrogen?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of estrogen dominance on the uterus's sensitivity to oxytocin?

    <p>Increases sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in somatic cells of normal females?

    <p>The X-inactivation center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the selection of which X chromosome remains active determined in normal females?

    <p>Randomly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gonads in both male and female mammals until they are activated by gonadotropins from the pituitary gland?

    <p>They become quiescent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of final maturation of the reproductive system known as?

    <p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inducer is likely responsible for the inactivation process in the X-inactivation center during embryonic development?

    <p>CTCF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in adult females may contain an active X chromosome of paternal or maternal origin?

    <p>Somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Leydig cells after a burst of testosterone secretion in male fetuses?

    <p>They become quiescent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the activation of gonads in both sexes to bring about final maturation of the reproductive system?

    <p>Gonadotropins from the pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of endometrial prolactin late in the luteal phase?

    <p>Unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the vaginal epithelium to become cornified?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of progesterone in the proliferation of the vaginal epithelium?

    <p>Promoting growth and proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the cyclical changes in the breasts during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is considered thermogenic and responsible for the rise in basal body temperature after ovulation?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women experience breast swelling, tenderness, and pain before menstruation?

    <p>Distention of ducts, hyperemia, and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with menopause?

    <p>Breast swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a reliable indicator of the time of ovulation?

    <p>Basal body temperature change</p> Signup and view all the answers

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