Chapter 20 Pathophysiology of Insulin and Pancreas
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

  • Facilitates glucose uptake by cells (correct)
  • Increases blood glucose levels
  • Prevents lipid storage
  • Promotes breakdown of proteins
  • Which cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

  • Exocrine cells
  • Alpha cells
  • Delta cells
  • Beta cells (correct)
  • What triggers a decrease in insulin secretion?

  • Low insulin levels (correct)
  • Stimulation of beta cells
  • High blood glucose levels
  • Increased glucagon secretion
  • What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Genetic and environmental influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Hyperketonemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary functions of glucagon in the body?

    <p>Increases blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Frequent urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic criteria is used to confirm Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Blood glucose fasting level &gt;100 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment modality is essential for managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Insulin replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Visual changes are a potential clinical manifestation of which type of diabetes?

    <p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin is a key component of the pathophysiology of which type of diabetes?

    <p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom that can help distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Frequent urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients?

    <p>High blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for gestational diabetes during pregnancy?

    <p>Weight control through diet and exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can untreated gestational diabetes lead to in newborns?

    <p>Fetal macrosomia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may result from excessive insulin dose in diabetic patients?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of untreated gestational diabetes in newborns?

    <p>Hypocalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of insulin in the body?

    <p>Promotes protein synthesis and storage of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the pancreas are responsible for the production of insulin?

    <p>Beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers an increase in insulin secretion in the body?

    <p>High blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases when insulin levels are high in the body?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by:

    <p>A significant deficit of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus due to hyperglycemia?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of untreated gestational diabetes if it leads to fetal macrosomia?

    <p>Birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic criteria for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus based on random blood glucose level?

    <p>&gt;250 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients due to excessive insulin dose?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes can lead to the Somogyi effect or dawn phenomenon?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical goal in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Lower blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy but usually resolves postpartum?

    <p>Gestational Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is NOT typically used to confirm Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Genetic testing for predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of untreated Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature between the clinical manifestations of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Asymptomatic presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of insulin is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration?

    <p><strong>R</strong>egular insulin (short acting)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethnic group has an increased risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p><strong>P</strong>acific Islanders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive thirst is a common symptom of which type of diabetes?

    <p><strong>T</strong>ype 1 Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic criteria confirms Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus based on fasting blood glucose level?

    <p>Fasting: 126 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the Somogyi effect in diabetic patients?

    <p>Excessive insulin dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acute complication of Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by severe hyperglycemia without ketosis?

    <p>Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of weight control in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Maintain optimal blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a long-term complication associated with Diabetes Mellitus affecting small blood vessels?

    <p>Microvascular neuropathies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to prevent the risk of fetal complications in gestational diabetes?

    <p>Control blood glucose levels through diet and possibly insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients can result from excessive insulin dose or inadequate food intake.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is more commonly associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus than Type 1.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gestational diabetes can only occur during the first trimester of pregnancy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon are both acute complications of Diabetes Mellitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus always requires insulin replacement therapy for management.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Untreated gestational diabetes can lead to fetal hypocalcemia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long-term complications of Diabetes Mellitus primarily affect large blood vessels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin resistance is a common feature of both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A random blood glucose level above 200 mg/dL confirms the diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary goal of treating Gestational Diabetes is to prevent maternal complications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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