52 Questions
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
Facilitates glucose uptake by cells
Which cells in the pancreas produce insulin?
Beta cells
What triggers a decrease in insulin secretion?
Low insulin levels
What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Genetic and environmental influences
Which of the following is a symptom of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Hyperketonemia
What are the primary functions of glucagon in the body?
Increases blood glucose levels
What is a common clinical manifestation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Frequent urination
Which diagnostic criteria is used to confirm Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Blood glucose fasting level >100 mg/dL
Which treatment modality is essential for managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Insulin replacement therapy
What is a common risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Obesity
Visual changes are a potential clinical manifestation of which type of diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin is a key component of the pathophysiology of which type of diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
What is a common symptom that can help distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Frequent urination
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients?
High blood glucose levels
What is the recommended treatment for gestational diabetes during pregnancy?
Weight control through diet and exercise
What can untreated gestational diabetes lead to in newborns?
Fetal macrosomia
Which condition may result from excessive insulin dose in diabetic patients?
Hypoglycemia
What is a potential consequence of untreated gestational diabetes in newborns?
Hypocalcemia
What is the primary role of insulin in the body?
Promotes protein synthesis and storage of lipids
Which cells in the pancreas are responsible for the production of insulin?
Beta cells
What triggers an increase in insulin secretion in the body?
High blood glucose levels
Which hormone decreases when insulin levels are high in the body?
Glucagon
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by:
A significant deficit of insulin
What is a common symptom of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus due to hyperglycemia?
Ketoacidosis
What is a common complication of untreated gestational diabetes if it leads to fetal macrosomia?
Birth defects
Which of the following is a diagnostic criteria for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus based on random blood glucose level?
>250 mg/dL
What is a significant consequence of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients due to excessive insulin dose?
Seizures
Which type of diabetes can lead to the Somogyi effect or dawn phenomenon?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
What is a critical goal in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Lower blood glucose levels
Which condition is characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy but usually resolves postpartum?
Gestational Diabetes
Which diagnostic test is NOT typically used to confirm Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Genetic testing for predisposition
What is a potential complication of untreated Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Ketoacidosis
What is a distinguishing feature between the clinical manifestations of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Asymptomatic presentation
What type of insulin is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration?
Regular insulin (short acting)
Which ethnic group has an increased risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Pacific Islanders
Excessive thirst is a common symptom of which type of diabetes?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Which diagnostic criteria confirms Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus based on fasting blood glucose level?
Fasting: 126 mg/dL
What can lead to the Somogyi effect in diabetic patients?
Excessive insulin dose
Which acute complication of Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by severe hyperglycemia without ketosis?
Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNK)
What is the primary goal of weight control in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Maintain optimal blood glucose levels
Which condition is a long-term complication associated with Diabetes Mellitus affecting small blood vessels?
Microvascular neuropathies
What should be done to prevent the risk of fetal complications in gestational diabetes?
Control blood glucose levels through diet and possibly insulin
Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients can result from excessive insulin dose or inadequate food intake.
True
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is more commonly associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus than Type 1.
False
Gestational diabetes can only occur during the first trimester of pregnancy.
False
The Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon are both acute complications of Diabetes Mellitus.
False
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus always requires insulin replacement therapy for management.
False
Untreated gestational diabetes can lead to fetal hypocalcemia.
True
Long-term complications of Diabetes Mellitus primarily affect large blood vessels.
False
Insulin resistance is a common feature of both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
False
A random blood glucose level above 200 mg/dL confirms the diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
True
The primary goal of treating Gestational Diabetes is to prevent maternal complications.
False
This quiz covers the concepts of insulin as an anabolic hormone, its role in glucose uptake, protein synthesis, and lipid formation. It also discusses the functions of the pancreas as an endocrine and exocrine organ.
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