Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease

Questions and Answers

What does the prefix 'apid/o' mean?

specialist

front

fat (correct)

gland

What does 'anter/o' indicate?

tail

back

cell

front (correct)

What does 'aden/o' refer to?

control

study of

tissue

gland (correct)

The suffix '-ologist' refers to what?

specialist Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ology' mean?

study of Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cyt/o' stand for?

cell Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cephal/o' indicate?

head Signup and view all the answers

What does 'caud/o' refer to?

tail Signup and view all the answers

The prefix 'exo-' indicates what?

out of Signup and view all the answers

What does 'endo-' mean?

inside Signup and view all the answers

What does 'poster/o' denote?

back Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-stasis' represent?

control Signup and view all the answers

The prefix 'path/o' relates to which concept?

disease, suffering, emotion Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-plasia' indicate?

formation Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hist/o' mean?

tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a Nosocomial Infection?

An infection acquired in a hospital setting. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Dominant Gene?

A gene inherited from only one parent. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Abdominal Cavity contain?

Major organs of digestion. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Medial' mean?

Direction toward or nearer the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the undifferentiated cells?

Adult Stem Signup and view all the answers

The genetic disorder ________ is characterized by a missing digestive enzyme.

Phenylketonuria Signup and view all the answers

The inflammation of a gland is known as ____.

Adenitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the Parietal Peritoneum?

The outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Gene?

The physical and functional unit of heredity. Signup and view all the answers

What is Cytology?

The study of the formation, structure, and function of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Epigastric' refer to?

above the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What does 'umbilical' mean?

bellybutton area Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Hypochondriac' mean?

below the ribs Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypogastric' indicate?

below the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What does 'iliac' refer to?

hip bone area Signup and view all the answers

The term _________ refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen.

inguinal Signup and view all the answers

The study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children is known as _________

genetics Signup and view all the answers

A specialist in the study of disease outbreaks is a/an _________.

epidemiologist Signup and view all the answers

The ________ secrete chemical substances into ducts.

exocrine Signup and view all the answers

The location of the stomach is ________ to the diaphragm.

inferior Signup and view all the answers

What does 'HD' stand for?

Huntington's Disease Signup and view all the answers

What does 'CD' refer to?

communicable disease Signup and view all the answers

What does 'GP' stand for?

General Practitioner Signup and view all the answers

What does 'LUQ' indicate?

Left Upper Quadrant Signup and view all the answers

What does 'CH' refer to?

chromosome Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure is ____.

proximal Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning situated in the back is ____.

posterior Signup and view all the answers

The body is divided into anterior and posterior portions by the ____ plane.

frontal Signup and view all the answers

The body is divided into equal vertical left and right halves by the ____ plane.

midsagittal Signup and view all the answers

Part of the elbow is formed by the ____ end of the humerus.

distal Signup and view all the answers

_ _ is a genetic variation associated with characteristic facial appearance.

Down Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

The study of the functions of the structures of the body is known as ________.

physiology Signup and view all the answers

The heart and lungs are surrounded and protected by the ________ cavity.

thoracic Signup and view all the answers

An unfavorable response to prescribed medical treatment is known as a/an ________ illness.

iatrogenic Signup and view all the answers

The genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell are known as _______.

chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

An outbreak described as being a/an ____ is sudden and widespread.

epidemic Signup and view all the answers

Brenda Farmer's doctor refers to her condition as a/an ____ disorder.

functional Signup and view all the answers

Infected with Hepatitis B through ____ transmission.

bloodborne Signup and view all the answers

Courses in ____ were signed up for by Lee Wong.

Cytology Signup and view all the answers

Spread by mosquitos is known as transmission.

vector-borne Signup and view all the answers

Pain in the lower right area of his abdomen, recorded as being in the lower right ____.

quadrant Signup and view all the answers

Drinking contaminated water, contracted illness through ____ transmission.

waterborne Signup and view all the answers

This organ of the urinary system is located in the ________ cavity.

pelvic Signup and view all the answers

Mrs. Reynolds was diagnosed with inflammation of the peritoneum, known as ________.

peritonitis Signup and view all the answers

Ashley Goldberg wants to specialize in this field and is studying to become a/an ________.

Geneticist Signup and view all the answers

Debbie Sanchez injured her left hip and upper leg, known as the left ________ region.

iliac Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is the complete set of genetic information of an organism.

genome Signup and view all the answers

A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue is known as an _________.

adenocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning a mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can cause ___ _ ______.

fetal alcohol syndrome Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning surgical repair of a muscle is ________.

myoplasty Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning muscle pain is _________.

myalgia Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning an abnormal condition of the stomach is __________.

gastrosis Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning inflammation of the larynx is __________.

laryngitis Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning the surgical removal of part of a muscle is a/an ________.

myectomy Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning pain in the stomach is ________.

gastralgia Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning surgical removal of the larynx is ________.

laryngectomy Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning an abnormal condition of the kidney is ________.

nephrosis Signup and view all the answers

The medical term meaning surgical repair of a nerve is ________.

neuroplasty Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning inflammation of the kidney is ________.

nephritis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology and Definitions

apid/o refers to fat, important in understanding conditions related to lipid metabolism.
anter/o indicates the front of the body, essential in anatomical directions.
aden/o denotes gland, vital for studying endocrine and exocrine systems.
The suffix -ologist signifies a specialist in a field, relevant in various medical disciplines.
The suffix -ology means the study of, foundational for medical and biological sciences.
cyt/o translates to cell, fundamental in cell biology and histology.
cephal/o refers to the head, used in describing cranial structures.
caud/o signifies the tail, utilized in anatomical positioning.
The prefix exo- indicates 'out of,' often related to external structures or functions.
The prefix endo- means 'within,' commonly used in terms related to internal processes.

Health Concepts

poster/o translates as back, useful in anatomical orientation.
The suffix -stasis means control, pertinent in discussions of physiological regulation.
path/o indicates disease, a central term in pathology.
The suffix -plasia refers to formation, relevant in developmental biology.
hist/o means tissue, crucial for understanding various tissue types and their functions.

Disease and Cavity Information

A nosocomial infection is acquired in a hospital setting, significant for infection control.
A dominant gene leads to a characteristic if inherited from one parent, important in genetics.
The abdominal cavity houses major digestive organs, central to digestive health.
Medial indicates a position closer to the midline, vital for anatomical descriptions.
The function of adult stem cells is tissue maintenance and repair, key to regenerative medicine.

Genetics and Disorders

Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder lacking a specific digestive enzyme.
Adenitis is the inflammation of a gland, relevant in diagnosing glandular conditions.
The parietal peritoneum is the outer layer lining the abdominal wall, essential in abdominal anatomy.

Scientific Studies and Disease Outbreaks

Cytology is the study of cells, encompassing chromosomes and genetics.
Epigastric refers to the area above the stomach, useful in clinical diagnostics.
Umbilical pertains to the bellybutton region, important in anatomy.
Conditions below the ribs are described as hypochondriac, used in anatomical terms.
The inguinal area refers to the entire lower abdomen, significant in hernia assessments.
Genetics studies gene transmission and its impact on health and disease.

Epidemiological Context

An epidemiologist studies disease outbreaks, key in public health.
Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts, contrasted with endocrine glands that release hormones directly.
The stomach is located inferior to the diaphragm, a critical anatomical relationship.

Genetic and Disease Terminology

Huntington's Disease (HD) is a genetic disorder affecting movement and cognition.
Communicable diseases (CD) spread from person to person, important for public health measures.
A general practitioner (GP) provides primary healthcare, often the first contact for patients.
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) is a region used for localizing abdominal symptoms.

Anatomical Orientations and Planes

Proximal means nearest to the midline, important in limb anatomy.
Posterior indicates the back, foundational in physical examinations.
The frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
The midsagittal plane splits the body into left and right halves, fundamental in anatomical studies.

Medical Conditions and Treatments

A distal end of a structure is farthest from the point of attachment, relevant in injury assessments.
Down Syndrome encompasses genetic variations leading to specific phenotypic traits, highlighting genetics in health.
Physiology is the study of body structure functions, essential in medical fields.
The thoracic cavity surrounds vital organs like the heart and lungs, crucial for cardiopulmonary health.

Transmission and Infection Types

An iatrogenic illness results from medical treatment, relevant in assessing medical risks.
Chromosomes house genetic information in the nucleus, fundamental to genetics.
An epidemic describes widespread disease occurrences, significant in global health monitoring.
Functional disorders exhibit symptoms without visible physical changes, essential for diagnosis methods.

Disease Transmission Methods

Bloodborne transmission spreads infections through blood, significant for disease control.
Vector-borne transmission involves intermediary organisms like mosquitoes, important in disease prevention.
Waterborne transmission occurs via contaminated water, crucial for public health initiatives.

Cavity and Inflammation Terms

Pelvic cavity houses organs of the urinary system, critical in urological studies.
Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, important in surgical contexts.

Professional Roles in Genetics

A geneticist specializes in genetics, focusing on hereditary conditions and research.
Iliac region refers to the area of the hip bone, relevant in anatomical evaluations.
A genome represents an organism's complete genetic information, pivotal in genetics research.

Cancer Terminology

Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor from glandular tissue, relevant in oncology discussions.
Fetal alcohol syndrome results from prenatal alcohol exposure, emphasizing teratogenic effects.

Surgical Terms

Myoplasty is the surgical repair of muscle, significant in reconstructive procedures.
Myalgia indicates muscle pain, important in clinical assessments.
Laryngitis is the inflammation of the larynx, relevant in respiratory health.

Additional Surgical and Medical Terms

Nephrosis denotes an abnormal kidney condition, important for renal health assessments.
Neuroplasty is nerve repair surgery, relevant in neurosurgery.
Nephritis means kidney inflammation, significant for nephrology studies.

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Test your knowledge of medical terminology with flashcards focusing on the human body in health and disease. Each card features a word commonly used in medical contexts, accompanied by its definition. This resource is ideal for students preparing for healthcare-related exams.