Chapter 2: Genetics Introduction

Building blocks of proteins.

The sequence of amino acids determines a protein's function and characteristics.

DNA carries genetic information and is responsible for passing it on.

Ribosomes use DNA's instructions to assemble proteins.

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

The observable characteristics of an organism.

Chromosomal disorders arise from abnormal numbers of chromosomes.

Monogenic disorders are caused by a single gene mutation.

Genes that code for proteins are located in the nucleus of a cell.

Errors during DNA copying during cell division can cause gene mutations.

The location of a mutation within a gene dictates the type of disorder.

Chromosomal disorders are caused by chromosome number abnormalities, while monogenic disorders arise from single gene mutations.

Chromosomes carry genetic information within the body.

A normal human body cell contains 46 chromosomes.

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins within chromosomes.

A sperm cell contains 23 chromosomes.

During fertilization, the sperm's 23 chromosomes combine with the egg's 23 chromosomes.

Chromosomes in the human body form long, thin, coiled strands.

Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins.

Genes define our inherited traits.

An allele is a variation of a gene.

A homozygous individual carries two identical alleles for a certain trait.

The dominant allele determines the final phenotypic expression of a trait.

Chromosomes carry genes within the body.

An autosomal dominant disorder is caused by a defect in one allele on one of the first 22 pairs of chromosomes.

X-linked disorders originate on the X chromosome.

Multifactorial disorders arise from a combination of genetic abnormalities and environmental influences.

Autosomal recessive disorders manifest when both alleles are abnormal.

Family members of someone with a multifactorial disorder have a higher chance of inheriting the disorder.