29 Questions
Which lymphoid organ filters circulating blood to remove worn out red blood cells and pathogens?
Spleen
Where does T-cell maturation primarily occur?
Thymus
Which type of lymphoid tissue is found in the skin?
SALT
What is the function of neutrophils in the immune system?
React early to bacteria and foreign materials
Where are fixed macrophages mainly located in the body?
Tissues and organs
Which lymphoid organ resembles the structure of a lymph node?
Spleen
Which type of leukocytes mature into macrophages in tissues where they are phagocytic?
Monocytes
Where are dendritic cells primarily found?
Mucous membranes
Which cells are part of adaptive immunity?
NK cells
What is the function of lymphatic vessels in the body?
Return lymph to circulation
Which cells carry microbes to lymph nodes for destruction?
Macrophages
What is the role of cytokines in phagocytosis?
Stimulate an immune response
Which process involves the attachment of a phagocyte to the surface of a microorganism?
Adherence
What does opsonization do to a microorganism?
Make ingestion easier by coating it with serum proteins
What triggers the oxygen-dependent system called the respiratory burst in phagocytosis?
Ingestion of the microorganism
Which interferon causes neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria?
Interferon gamma
How do microbial pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes evade phagocytosis?
By inhibiting adherence to phagocytes
Which type of immunity is present at birth and provides rapid defense against any pathogen?
Innate immunity
What do Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on host cells attach to in the immune response?
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
Which term refers to the inability to resist a disease?
Susceptibility
What do high white blood cell counts in the blood typically indicate?
Autoimmune diseases
Which type of immunity has a memory component and provides resistance to specific pathogens?
Adaptive immunity
What molecules are recognized by the receptors on white blood cells and are shared by microorganisms?
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
What is the mechanism by which Staphylococcus aureus kills phagocytes?
Membrane attack complex
Which microorganism escapes the phagosome to avoid destruction?
Listeria monocytogenes
What are the classic signs and symptoms of inflammation characterized by?
Redness (rubor), Warmth (calor), Swelling (tumor)
Which chemical mediator causes increased circulation and vasodilation in injured tissues?
Histamine
What is the name of the supporting connective tissue that needs repair during tissue repair?
Stroma
What initiates an abnormally high body temperature in the form of fever?
Circulating pyrogens
Test your knowledge on the definitions related to innate immunity and the concept of immunity. Topics include white blood cells, nonself, self, PAMPs, PRRs, immunity, and susceptibility.
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