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Questions and Answers
Which term describes the two identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere?
Which term describes the two identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere?
- Haploid cell
- Homologous chromosomes
- Diploid cell
- Sister chromatids (correct)
A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes.
A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes.
True (A)
What are homologous chromosomes?
What are homologous chromosomes?
Pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and gene sequence, one inherited from each parent.
In the eukaryotic cell cycle, the phase where the cell prepares for mitosis is called the ______.
In the eukaryotic cell cycle, the phase where the cell prepares for mitosis is called the ______.
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
What is the primary role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
What is the primary role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Cyclins are a type of protein that regulate the cell cycle by binding to and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks).
Cyclins are a type of protein that regulate the cell cycle by binding to and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks).
What are sister chromatids?
What are sister chromatids?
In eukaryotic cells, the __________ phase is when DNA replication occurs.
In eukaryotic cells, the __________ phase is when DNA replication occurs.
Match the cell cycle phase with its description:
Match the cell cycle phase with its description:
How many total chromosomes are present in the human genome?
How many total chromosomes are present in the human genome?
During all phases of the cell cycle, cells are continuously dividing.
During all phases of the cell cycle, cells are continuously dividing.
What phase of the cell cycle occurs before mitosis, during which DNA is replicated?
What phase of the cell cycle occurs before mitosis, during which DNA is replicated?
During mitosis, the daughter cells produced are genetically different from the mother cell.
During mitosis, the daughter cells produced are genetically different from the mother cell.
What are the identical copies of a replicated chromosome called?
What are the identical copies of a replicated chromosome called?
The original cell that divides during mitotic cell division is known as the ______.
The original cell that divides during mitotic cell division is known as the ______.
Which of the following best describes the function of the spindle apparatus?
Which of the following best describes the function of the spindle apparatus?
Match the following phases of mitosis with their key events:
Match the following phases of mitosis with their key events:
Name the two processes involved in mitotic cell division.
Name the two processes involved in mitotic cell division.
Mitosis produces two genetically identical ______ from one ______.
Mitosis produces two genetically identical ______ from one ______.
Eukaryotic chromosomes are not compacted before mitosis.
Eukaryotic chromosomes are not compacted before mitosis.
What is the primary role of the spindle apparatus during cell division?
What is the primary role of the spindle apparatus during cell division?
Centrosomes are found in both animal and plant cells.
Centrosomes are found in both animal and plant cells.
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells?
In plant cells, vesicles from the Golgi move along microtubules to form a __________.
In plant cells, vesicles from the Golgi move along microtubules to form a __________.
Match the following components with their definitions:
Match the following components with their definitions:
Which statement correctly describes the process of mitosis?
Which statement correctly describes the process of mitosis?
Crossing over occurs during meiosis only.
Crossing over occurs during meiosis only.
Name the two main outcomes of mitosis.
Name the two main outcomes of mitosis.
Each centrosome defines a __________ of the spindle apparatus during mitosis.
Each centrosome defines a __________ of the spindle apparatus during mitosis.
Flashcards
Eukaryotic cell cycle
Eukaryotic cell cycle
Series of events that result in cell division
Sister chromatids
Sister chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome formed by DNA replication.
Diploid cell
Diploid cell
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).
Haploid cell
Haploid cell
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Homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
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Cell cycle
Cell cycle
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Cyclins
Cyclins
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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
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Checkpoints
Checkpoints
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G1 phase
G1 phase
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S Phase
S Phase
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M phase
M phase
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What happens to DNA before mitosis?
What happens to DNA before mitosis?
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Mitosis
Mitosis
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
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Function of Mitosis in Multicellular Organisms
Function of Mitosis in Multicellular Organisms
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Mother Cell
Mother Cell
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Daughter Cells
Daughter Cells
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Spindle Apparatus
Spindle Apparatus
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Centrosomes
Centrosomes
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Mitosis: Big Goal
Mitosis: Big Goal
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Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
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Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
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Synapsis
Synapsis
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Crossing Over
Crossing Over
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Meiosis Phases
Meiosis Phases
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Meiosis Outcomes
Meiosis Outcomes
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Study Notes
Chapter 14 - How Eukaryotic Cells Sort and Transmit Chromosomes: Mitosis and Meiosis
- The chapter outlines the eukaryotic cell cycle, mitotic cell division, meiosis, sexual reproduction, and variations in chromosome structure and number.
- Important ideas are highlighted in blue font, and key terms are bolded.
14.1 The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
- Cell division is a highly regulated process, involving a series of events that results in cell division
- The eukaryotic cell cycle includes phases like G1 (growth), S (synthesis or DNA replication), G2 (growth), and M (mitosis).
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins work together to regulate the cell cycle progressing through these phases.
- The progression through the cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints (G1, G2, and metaphase).
- Key terms and sketches are included for sister chromatids, diploid cell, haploid cell, homologous chromosomes, etc.
- A karyotype reveals the number, size, and form of chromosomes when preparing to divide.
- The chromosomes become compact enough to be seen under a light microscope during cell division preparation.
14.2 Mitotic Cell Division
- Mitotic cell division produces two new genetically identical cells, from a single mother cell that divides.
- The process involves mitosis and cytokinesis
- Mitosis is used in asexual reproduction and multicellular organism growth.
- DNA replicates in S-phase to create sister chromatids.
- The spindle apparatus organizes and sorts the chromosomes. Microtubules form this structure that grows from the centrosomes.
- The process involves the phases: interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
- Cytokinesis is different in plant and animal cells (cleavage furrow vs. cell plate).
14.3 Meiosis
- Meiosis is the process of sexual reproduction, creating genetically diverse gametes (sperm and egg cells) for humans.
- Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes.
- Meiosis II separates sister chromatids.
- Meiosis and mitosis are compared and contrasted – focusing on the different outcomes of the two processes.
- Key phases of meiosis, including prophase I, prometaphase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II, are described.
14.4 Sexual Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction involves two haploid gametes fusing together to form a diploid zygote.
- Random alignment of homologous chromosomes and crossing over during meiosis are important processes driving genetic diversity in offspring.
- Different types of life cycles in different organisms exist: diploid-dominant, haploid-dominant, or alternation of generations.
14.5 Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number
- Chromosome structures varies in size, centromere location, and number across different species.
- Euploidy refers to chromosome number variations that occur in complete sets.
- Aneuploidy refers to chromosome number variations that occur in single chromosomes.
- Variations in chromosome number can have major effects on organisms, often causing survivable or lethal conditions, depending on which chromosomes have variations.
- Four types of chromosomal mutations: deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations exist.
- Processes within meiosis that impact chromosomal structures are discussed.
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 14, focusing on how eukaryotic cells sort and transmit chromosomes through processes such as mitosis and meiosis. It details the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle, the roles of cyclins and CDKs, and the importance of checkpoints. Key terms and chromosome structures are also highlighted for better understanding.
