Chapter 13: Rising Powers - Economic and Political Transition

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Questions and Answers

Which country is the largest exporter in the world?

  • China (correct)
  • United States
  • Brazil
  • India

What was the result of the reforms introduced by Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s?

  • Collapse of the communist regimes (correct)
  • Limited economic growth but stable regime
  • Increased productivity and growth
  • Strengthening of the communist regime

What is the impact of China's rise on U.S. consumers and workers?

  • Consumers benefit while workers are hurt (correct)
  • Both benefit from China's growth
  • Consumers are hurt while workers benefit
  • Neither benefit from China's growth

Why did socialist and communist economies decline in the 1970s and 1980s?

<p>Declining productivity and technological gap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the transition to market-oriented economies in China, India, Brazil, and Russia?

<p>Profound reshaping of global economic relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the rising powers of China, India, Brazil, and Russia?

<p>They are ending the era of U.S. unilateralism and hegemony (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Brazil's perception in the Latin American region in 1998?

<p>A model of stability and successful democratization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major criticism of the U.S. and EU's trade practices by Brazil and other emerging countries?

<p>Their maintenance of agricultural subsidies and protection from imports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major economic achievement of Lula's administration?

<p>The reduction of poverty through the Fome Zero program (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major obstacle to further economic development in Brazil?

<p>The poor transportation infrastructure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the production of biofuels in Brazil?

<p>A reduction of land available for food production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason behind Brazil's economic boom in the 1960s-1970s?

<p>Rapid industrialization fueled by debt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Brazil's capital established in 1822?

<p>Río de Janeiro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a persistent problem in Russia's economy?

<p>Dependence on exports of oil and raw materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a consequence of Russia's lack of economic diversification?

<p>Loss of potential FDI from multinational corporations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Fernando Henrique Cardoso's 'Real Plan'?

<p>It accelerated reforms and helped Brazil regain economic power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What helped keep Brazil's exports up despite the global recession in 2008?

<p>Rise in global demand for aircraft and basic goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a persistent issue in Brazil despite its economic growth?

<p>Inequality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of India during the British Raj?

<p>Provider of raw materials to the UK (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of India's 'Green Revolution'?

<p>Large public investments in agriculture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event in the 1980s marked a significant shift in India's economic policy?

<p>Beginnings of liberalization under Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for India's borrowing of $6 billion from the IMF?

<p>To address its balance of payments crisis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of India's economic reforms?

<p>Elimination of agricultural subsidies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge that India still needs to address?

<p>Developing its infrastructure and security systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of China's economy after Deng Xiaoping's reforms?

<p>Export-oriented (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms in China?

<p>The economy has boomed and accumulated foreign reserves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a similarity between China and India's economic development?

<p>Both countries have a market-oriented economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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