Chapter 13: Rising Powers - Economic and Political Transition

Which country is the largest exporter in the world?

China

What was the result of the reforms introduced by Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s?

Collapse of the communist regimes

What is the impact of China's rise on U.S. consumers and workers?

Consumers benefit while workers are hurt

Why did socialist and communist economies decline in the 1970s and 1980s?

Declining productivity and technological gap Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the transition to market-oriented economies in China, India, Brazil, and Russia?

Profound reshaping of global economic relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the rising powers of China, India, Brazil, and Russia?

They are ending the era of U.S. unilateralism and hegemony Signup and view all the answers

What was Brazil's perception in the Latin American region in 1998?

A model of stability and successful democratization Signup and view all the answers

What was a major criticism of the U.S. and EU's trade practices by Brazil and other emerging countries?

Their maintenance of agricultural subsidies and protection from imports Signup and view all the answers

What was a major economic achievement of Lula's administration?

The reduction of poverty through the Fome Zero program Signup and view all the answers

What was a major obstacle to further economic development in Brazil?

The poor transportation infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the production of biofuels in Brazil?

A reduction of land available for food production Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason behind Brazil's economic boom in the 1960s-1970s?

Rapid industrialization fueled by debt Signup and view all the answers

Where was Brazil's capital established in 1822?

Río de Janeiro Signup and view all the answers

What has been a persistent problem in Russia's economy?

Dependence on exports of oil and raw materials Signup and view all the answers

What has been a consequence of Russia's lack of economic diversification?

Loss of potential FDI from multinational corporations Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Fernando Henrique Cardoso's 'Real Plan'?

It accelerated reforms and helped Brazil regain economic power Signup and view all the answers

What helped keep Brazil's exports up despite the global recession in 2008?

Rise in global demand for aircraft and basic goods Signup and view all the answers

What has been a persistent issue in Brazil despite its economic growth?

Inequality Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of India during the British Raj?

Provider of raw materials to the UK Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of India's 'Green Revolution'?

Large public investments in agriculture Signup and view all the answers

What event in the 1980s marked a significant shift in India's economic policy?

Beginnings of liberalization under Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for India's borrowing of $6 billion from the IMF?

To address its balance of payments crisis Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of India's economic reforms?

Elimination of agricultural subsidies Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge that India still needs to address?

Developing its infrastructure and security systems Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of China's economy after Deng Xiaoping's reforms?

Export-oriented Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms in China?

The economy has boomed and accumulated foreign reserves Signup and view all the answers

What is a similarity between China and India's economic development?

Both countries have a market-oriented economy Signup and view all the answers