Questions and Answers
What is an abstract class?
What is an abstract method?
A method signature without implementation.
What does a deep copy do when cloning an object?
Clones all its fields recursively.
What is an interface in Java?
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What is a marker interface?
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A class may extend multiple superclasses.
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What happens in a shallow copy when cloning an object?
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A class can extend only one superclass.
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What is a subinterface?
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Study Notes
Abstract Classes
- Abstract classes are superclasses designed to have common features shared by subclasses.
- Declared using the
abstract
modifier, these classes cannot be instantiated (no object creation usingnew
). - Contain both data fields and methods similar to regular classes.
Abstract Methods
- An abstract method has a signature but lacks an implementation.
- Denoted with the
abstract
modifier and must exist within an abstract class. - Subclasses that extend an abstract class must implement all abstract methods, whether they are used or not.
Deep Copy
- Cloning an object through a deep copy means recursively cloning all its fields.
- Ensures that the new object is entirely independent of the original object.
Interfaces
- An interface functions like a special class; each one compiles into a separate bytecode file.
- Instances of an interface cannot be created.
- Similar to abstract classes, interfaces can have data (which must be constants) and method declarations without implementations.
- Java enforces single inheritance, where a class can inherit from only one superclass, but interfaces allow for multiple inheritance by implementing multiple interfaces.
Marker Interface
- A marker interface is an empty interface serving to indicate that all implementing classes share certain properties or behaviors.
Multiple Inheritance
- This refers to a class extending multiple superclasses, allowing for more complex behavior and functionality.
Shallow Copy
- In a shallow copy, all fields of the object are copied, but nested objects are not recursively cloned.
Single Inheritance
- A class can extend only one superclass, maintaining a straightforward hierarchy.
Subinterface
- A subinterface is an interface that is inherited from another interface, allowing for further specialization.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the concepts of abstract classes and interfaces as presented in Chapter 13. Students will explore the definitions, characteristics, and significance of these abstract components in object-oriented programming. Enhance your understanding of how these principles apply to class design.