Chapter 12, Lesson 2: Conflicts Over Land

Questions and Answers

Where did the Seminole live?

Georgia (correct)

Mississippi (correct)

Florida (correct)

Alabama (correct)

Which Native American tribes were called the 'Five Civilized Tribes'?

Choctaw (correct)

Creek (correct)

Seminole (correct)

Chickasaw (correct)

Cherokee (correct)

Why were the 'Five Civilized Tribes' Native Americans thought of as civilized?

They had created successful farming communities that were much like many other American communities.

Why did the white settlers want Native Americans to be relocated?

They wanted their land. Signup and view all the answers

How did Jackson feel about white settlers wanting Native Americans relocated?

Andrew Jackson supported the white settlers' demand for Native American land. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 affect Native Americans in the Southeast?

They were moved to a region that is now Oklahoma. They were forced to sell the lands and moved to the Everglades. Signup and view all the answers

What legal rights did the Cherokee have?

They were recognized as a separate nation. Signup and view all the answers

How did Jackson react to the Supreme Court's Worcester v. Georgia decision?

He supported Georgia's efforts to remove the Cherokee and declared he would ignore the Supreme Court's ruling. Signup and view all the answers

Why was it a hardship for the Native Americans to move?

They were forced to move from their own land and were unprepared. Signup and view all the answers

How many Cherokee relocated and died?

1,500 were relocated; 4,000 died. Signup and view all the answers

What caused so many deaths during the relocation?

They suffered from hunger and exposure to the weather conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the journey called the Trail of Tears?

About one quarter of the Cherokee population died along the journey. They had cried because of the forced relocation from their land. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Seminole decide to fight?

They did not want to give up their lands and refused to leave. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Seminole resist removal?

They attacked US troops led by Major Francis Dade by making surprise attacks and retreated back into the forests and swamps. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Seminole Wars?

The war cost over $20 million and the lives of more than 1500 soldiers. Seminole died, were captured, and forced to move West. Signup and view all the answers

Where did the few remaining Seminole escape to when war broke out again?

The Everglades. Signup and view all the answers

How much land did the Five Civilized Tribes give up, and what did they get in return?

More than 100 million acres; $68 million and 32 million acres west of the Mississippi. Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Five Civilized Tribes relocate, and what problem did they face?

In the Eastern half of Indian Territory; The land was already claimed by several Plains peoples. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Removing Native Americans

The Seminole primarily resided in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida.
The "Five Civilized Tribes" included the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw.
These tribes were considered "civilized" due to their successful farming communities, which resembled those of other American settlers.
White settlers sought relocation of Native Americans to acquire their land.
Andrew Jackson openly supported the removal of Native Americans to satisfy the demands of white settlers.

The Cherokee Versus Georgia

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced Native Americans in the Southeast to relocate to present-day Oklahoma, selling their lands and moving to the Everglades.
The Cherokee were recognized as a separate nation, yet still faced removal, notably influenced by Chief Justice John Marshall.
Jackson disregarded the Supreme Court's Worcester v. Georgia decision, backing Georgia's efforts to remove the Cherokee.

The Trail of Tears

The relocation of Native Americans was a hardship as they were unprepared and forced from their ancestral lands.
Approximately 1,500 Cherokee were relocated, while around 4,000 died during the process.
Many deaths during the relocation resulted from hunger and exposure to harsh weather conditions.
The journey became known as the "Trail of Tears" as about one-quarter of the Cherokee population perished during the trek, representing their sorrow over the forced removal.

Resistance and Removal

The Seminole chose to fight to resist the loss of their lands and refused to leave.
In the Seminole Wars, they utilized guerrilla tactics, launching surprise attacks against U.S. troops under Major Francis Dade and retreating into nearby forests and swamps.

The Seminole Wars

The conflict of the Seminole Wars incurred over $20 million in costs and led to the deaths of more than 1,500 soldiers, alongside numerous Seminole casualties and captures.
A small group of Seminole evaded removal by seeking refuge in the Everglades.

Life in the West

The Five Civilized Tribes relinquished over 100 million acres in exchange for $68 million and 32 million acres west of the Mississippi River.
Upon relocating to the eastern half of Indian Territory, these tribes encountered issues with land already claimed by various Plains tribes.
The U.S. Army and Choctaw police promised to protect the tribes and maintain order in the territory.

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Test your knowledge on the conflicts over land involving Native Americans, specifically focusing on the Seminole and the Five Civilized Tribes. This quiz covers their geographical locations and historical context. Perfect for understanding the complexities of U.S. history regarding Native American removal.