Questions and Answers
What is endogamy?
Endogamy is marriage to someone within one's social group (race, class, ethnicity, education, religion).
What is exogamy?
Exogamy is marriage to someone from a different social group.
What is monogamy?
Monogamy is the practice of marrying or being in a relationship with only one other.
What is polygamy?
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What is polyandry?
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What is polygyny?
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What does the pecking order in families refer to?
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What is meant by a nuclear family?
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What percentage of Americans marry at some point in their lives?
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What percentage of marriages in the US end in divorce?
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Kinship networks are _____
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What type of family do Josephine's two new families represent?
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In relation to working parents, the second shift can best be defined as _____
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What is an example of a common imbalance in domestic chores between men and women?
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How did the Industrial Revolution affect the division of labor between men and women?
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How has the sharing of domestic responsibilities between men and women changed as women have joined the workforce?
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What does the nuclear family consist of?
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According to welfare critics, ________ sets in with many welfare recipients.
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What additional responsibilities might working women face that put a strain on marriage?
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What is a civil union?
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How does the welfare system trap women who want to move off welfare rolls?
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In 2003, which minority group passed African Americans as the largest minority group in the United States?
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What does the distribution of chores among the Tobachnik family's children demonstrate?
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What factor contributed to the development of the ideal traditional family in post-World War II America?
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How did social scientists in the 1960s view the strong role held by women in many African American families?
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What has been the trend of the divorce rate in the United States?
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Talcott Parsons's functionalist approach to sociology emphasized that the traditional family was necessary because it fulfilled society's need for _____
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What is an example of a cultural norm that affects how people choose a romantic or life partner?
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What are characteristics of the preindustrial family?
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What is the general consensus among sociologists about the effects of divorce on children?
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_____ is marriage outside one's social group.
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Study Notes
Family Structures and Definitions
- Endogamy: Marriage within one's social group (race, class, ethnicity, education, religion).
- Exogamy: Marriage to someone from a different social group.
- Monogamy: Engaging in a relationship with only one partner at a time.
- Polygamy: Engaging in relationships with multiple partners simultaneously.
- Polyandry: A rare practice where one woman has multiple husbands.
- Polygyny: A more common practice where one man has multiple wives.
Family Dynamics
- Pecking Order: Familial hierarchy among siblings can lead to competition and resentment, indicating inherent inequality within the family structure.
- Nuclear Family: Consists of a father and mother along with their biological children, forming the traditional family unit.
- Extended Family: Encompasses familial relations beyond the nuclear family, including relatives such as grandparents and cousins.
Marital and Sociological Statistics
- Marriage Rates: Approximately 90% of Americans marry at some point in their lives.
- Divorce Rates: About 40% of marriages in the U.S. end in divorce.
Kinship and Family Types
- Kinship Networks: Relationships between individuals related by blood or marriage.
- Blended Family: Formed when parents remarry and bring children from previous relationships, creating a family with diverse parental backgrounds.
Domestic Responsibilities and Gender Roles
- Second Shift: Refers to the unpaid domestic work women manage after returning from paid employment, creating additional burdens.
- Inequalities in Domestic Labor: Research shows women often shoulder a disproportionate share of household responsibilities compared to men.
- Impact of the Industrial Revolution: Shifted labor dynamics; men began working for wages outside the home while women primarily managed domestic duties without pay.
Economic Factors and Marriage
- Dependency Cycle: Critics argue that reliance on welfare can create a dependency that discourages recipients from seeking employment.
- Strain on Marriage: Dual-income households may increase stress on relationships due to the added domestic responsibilities women face.
Legal and Cultural Considerations
- Civil Union: A legally recognized partnership providing similar rights and benefits as marriage.
- Cultural Norms: Societal rules, such as prohibiting marriages between first cousins, shape partner selection.
Historical and Social Perspectives
- Post-WWII Family Ideals: Government housing subsidies contributed to the development of the traditional family structure.
- Role of Women in African American Families: Social scientists in the 1960s viewed strong female leadership negatively, linking it to social challenges in communities.
- Divorce Trends: The divorce rate in the U.S. has been steadily rising since the 19th century.
Sociological Theories
- Functionalism: Talcott Parsons viewed the traditional family as vital for industrial society, providing productive workers and caretakers for children.
- Preindustrial Families: Families were largely self-sufficient, producing their own food, clothing, and goods.
Child Development and Divorce
- Divorce Effects on Children: Sociologists have varying opinions on the impact of divorce on child development, indicating a lack of consensus in findings.
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Description
Test your knowledge of family-related terms in this quiz based on Chapter 12. Terms include endogamy, exogamy, monogamy, and polygamy. Suitable for students studying sociology or family dynamics.