Chapter 12: Bypassing Antivirus Applications Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between static analysis and dynamic analysis in antivirus programs?

  • Static analysis compares potentially dangerous code to rules and patterns while dynamic analysis tests for malicious activity. (correct)
  • Static analysis matches known malicious code while dynamic analysis looks for virus signatures.
  • Static analysis tests for malicious activity while dynamic analysis compares code to a set of patterns.
  • Static analysis updates antivirus definitions regularly while dynamic analysis uses fast pattern matching techniques.

    • How do antivirus programs detect viruses through signature-based detection?

  • By trying to replace every file on the hard drive every 30 seconds.
  • By looking for digital signatures embedded in the virus code.
  • By searching for large sections of the virus code within files.
  • By comparing the analyzed object with a database of signatures. (correct)

    • What is the potential issue with using small virus signatures in antivirus scanners?

  • It may not be able to search for encrypted viruses.
  • It may slow down the scanning process significantly.
  • It could lead to false positives. (correct)
  • It could miss simple variants of viruses.

    • Why are encrypted viruses more difficult to detect by antivirus programs?

    <p>Because the main body of the program is encrypted which makes the virus code meaningless until decrypted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of polymorphic and metamorphic viruses?

    <p>Both are difficult to detect due to having few fixed characteristic patterns in their codes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In antivirus software, what is a 'false positive'?

    <p>When no intrusion occurs but an alarm is triggered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which firewall is enabled by default in Windows 10 and Windows 11?

    <p>Windows Defender Firewall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of firewall is the Windows Defender Firewall?

    <p>Stateful firewall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change did Microsoft Defender Antivirus make in 2015?

    <p>Moved away from using a static signature-based engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command can be used in PowerShell to see Windows Defender information?

    <p>Get-MpComputerStatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to see which antivirus solutions will flag a program as malicious?

    <p>Upload the file to VirusTotal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an encoder in the context of exploits?

    <p>To obfuscate the payload to avoid detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of malware appears to perform a useful task but also has negative consequences?

    <p>Trojan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool allows embedding a Metasploit payload inside a legitimate binary?

    <p>Msfvenom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the -k flag in Msfvenom?

    <p>Keep the executable template intact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hash function is suggested for checking Trojans due to concerns about MD5 hash collisions?

    <p>SHA-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a one-way hash function produce as output?

    <p>A fixed-size message digest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Fred Cohen's example virus, what does the 'trigger-pulled' subroutine do?

    <p>Cause damage under certain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does compression-enabled filesystem monitoring help detect?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the various ways viruses can insert themselves into computer code?

    <p>'Degrees of Complication'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a polymorphic virus?

    <p>To encrypt the virus program body using a different key for each copy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main technique used by metamorphic viruses to avoid detection?

    <p>Changing the code structure and signature with each new version</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the quarantine feature in antivirus software?

    <p>To isolate suspicious files in a secure folder for further analysis and action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is NOT mentioned as a way to bypass antivirus detection?

    <p>Polymorphic encryption: using a different encryption key for each copy of the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Windows Defender and Microsoft Security Essentials?

    <p>Microsoft Security Essentials was an earlier version of Windows Defender, which later replaced it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using encoders in Msfvenom?

    <p>To make the payload more difficult for antivirus programs to detect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which encoder is considered to have an excellent rank and is even polymorphic in nature?

    <p>x86/shikata_ga_nai</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using multi-encoding when creating a malicious executable with Msfvenom?

    <p>To bypass more antivirus programs by applying multiple layers of encoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of creating an encoded malicious executable, what does the '-x' option in Msfvenom represent?

    <p>The legitimate executable file to embed the payload into</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'evasion modules' introduced in Metasploit 5?

    <p>To implement techniques for evading antivirus detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the 'windows_defender_exe' evasion module in Metasploit?

    <p>It encodes the payload and adds junk data to bypass Windows Defender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the best ways to avoid antivirus programs altogether?

    <p>Avoiding traditional payloads and mimicking functionality with Windows APIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a code-signing certificate when creating a malicious executable?

    <p>To make the executable appear more legitimate and bypass antivirus detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the '-a' and '--platform' options in Msfvenom when creating a multi-encoded executable?

    <p>'-a' specifies the architecture (e.g., x86, x64), and '--platform' specifies the target operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what does the term 'polymorphic' refer to?

    <p>A technique where the payload is constantly changing to avoid detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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