Chapter 12 Altered Somatosensory System Patho Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of otitis media with effusion (OME)?

Fluid in the middle ear without inflammation (correct)

Enlarged periauricular lymph nodes

Bulging tympanic membrane with visible air–fluid level

Presence of infection in the middle ear

Which symptom is NOT a general manifestation of otitis media?

Dilated membranous labyrinth of the inner ear (correct)

Perforated tympanic membrane

Rhinorrhea (runny nose)

Impaired hearing

What differentiates acute otitis media (AOM) from otitis media with effusion (OME)?

Recurrent episodes over 6 months

Absence of inflammation and presence of effusion

Presence of inflamed tympanic membrane (correct)

Middle ear effusion without inflammation

What diagnostic criteria are typically seen in otitis media?

Redness/erythema of tympanic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for otitis media when the diagnosis is accurate?

Observation Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves an altered vestibular function due to increased endolymph volume?

Meniere Disease Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not typically associated with Ménière Disease?

Blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnostic test for Ménière Disease?

Caloric test Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macular degeneration is characterized by choroidal neovascularization?

Wet (exudative) Signup and view all the answers

What does the wet (exudative) form of macular degeneration lead to if untreated?

Rapid and severe vision loss Signup and view all the answers

In glaucoma, what is the primary cause of vision loss in the primary open-angle category?

Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of acute angle closure glaucoma?

Rainbows around lights at night Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic criterion is used to determine the severity of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)?

Stage of abnormal blood vessel growth Signup and view all the answers

What kind of neurons are involved in the neuronal organization of the somatosensory system?

First-order, second-order, and third-order neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fibers are involved in the transmission of sensory information in the somatosensory system?

Dorsal root ganglia fibers Signup and view all the answers

Where does the processing of sensory stimuli occur in the somatosensory system?

Thalamus, somatosensory cortex, and somatosensory association areas Signup and view all the answers

Which modality involves sensations like touch, pressure, and vibration in the somatosensory system?

Tactile sensations Signup and view all the answers

In the classification of pain based on origin, what distinguishes neurogenic/neuropathic pain from nociceptive pain?

Origin within the nervous system vs. originating outside the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of pain proposes that pain is perceived when specific receptors in the body are stimulated?

Specificity theory Signup and view all the answers

How is vision primarily mediated in terms of photoreceptors for different types of vision?

Rods for night vision and cones for color vision Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the somatosensory system is responsible for body position awareness?

Proprioception Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between nociceptive pain and neurogenic/neuropathic pain?

Origin of pain within vs. outside the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway transmits discriminative touch sensations to the CNS?

Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is a common general manifestation of otitis media?

Enlarged periauricular lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key diagnostic criterion for otitis media based on the otoscopic exam?

Bulging tympanic membrane with limited mobility Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by middle ear effusion without inflammation?

Otitis media with effusion Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes otitis media with effusion (OME) from acute otitis media (AOM)?

Middle ear effusion without inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically seen in Ménière Disease?

Acute ear pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for treating uncomplicated acute otitis media (AOM)?

Observation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons carry sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system in the somatosensory system?

First-order neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations in the somatosensory system?

Discriminative pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of stimuli being converted into nerve impulses within the somatosensory system known as?

Transduction Signup and view all the answers

In which area of the brain is the identification and interpretation of somatosensory stimuli primarily processed?

Parietal lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of pain proposes that pain perception depends on a pattern of nerve impulses to the brain?

Pattern theory Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain originates within the nervous system itself in the somatosensory system?

Neurogenic pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to differentiate between two points touching the skin closely together in the somatosensory system?

'Acuity' Signup and view all the answers

'Gate control theory' of pain involves modulation of pain perception through gates located where?

'Gate' cells in the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

'Neuropathic pain' is often characterized by abnormal sensations like burning or tingling due to damage to what part of the nervous system?

'Nerve pathways' Signup and view all the answers

'Thermal sensation', which is part of somatosensory modalities, specifically involves sensitivity to changes in what environmental factor?

'Temperature' Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with Ménière Disease?

Vertigo Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic clinical manifestation of Macular Degeneration?

Blind spots in the field of vision Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is commonly used for Menière Disease?

Electronystagmography Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical manifestation of Glaucoma?

Rainbows around lights at night Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) pathophysiology?

Promotion of retinal detachment Signup and view all the answers

Which category of Glaucoma involves poor blood flow to the optic nerve?

Normal tension Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical manifestation of Glaucoma due to primary open angle category?

'Blindness' Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is used for ROP to prevent retinal detachment?

'Laser treatment' Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic clinical manifestation of Ménière Disease related to hearing?

Sensorineural hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

What type of macular degeneration involves drusen deposition?

Dry (atrophic) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Otitis Media

Main characteristic of otitis media with effusion (OME) is the presence of fluid in the middle ear without signs of acute inflammation.
General symptoms of otitis media do not typically include a sore throat.
Acute otitis media (AOM) is differentiated from OME by the presence of acute inflammation and signs/symptoms such as ear pain and fever.
Key diagnostic criteria for otitis media include bulging tympanic membrane and presence of middle ear effusion.

Treatment and Conditions

First-line treatment for otitis media (AOM) when diagnosis is accurate is antibiotic therapy.
Condition with altered vestibular function due to increased endolymph volume is Ménière Disease.
Symptoms not typically associated with Ménière Disease include tinnitus only, without other hearing issues.
Common diagnostic test for Ménière Disease includes audiometric testing.

Macular Degeneration

Wet (exudative) form of macular degeneration is characterized by choroidal neovascularization, leading to potential vision loss if untreated.
Characteristic clinical manifestation of macular degeneration involves distortion of vision or blind spots.

Glaucoma

Primary cause of vision loss in primary open-angle glaucoma is damage to the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure.
Common symptom of acute angle-closure glaucoma includes severe headache and rapid vision loss.
Common clinical manifestation of glaucoma includes gradual peripheral vision loss.

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Severity of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is determined using the classification of disease by its stages (from mild to severe).
Treatment option for ROP to prevent retinal detachment is laser therapy.

Somatosensory System

Neuronal organization of the somatosensory system involves primary sensory neurons transmitting information from the periphery to the central nervous system.
Type A fibers are involved in the transmission of sensory information, such as touch and pressure.
Processing of sensory stimuli occurs primarily in the somatosensory cortex of the brain.
Touch, pressure, and vibration are modalities involved in the somatosensory system.

Pain Perception

Distinction between neurogenic/neuropathic pain and nociceptive pain lies in the origin; neurogenic pain originates from the nervous system itself.
Specific receptors activation proposes that pain perception is based on stimulation of pain receptors (nociceptors).
'Gate control theory' of pain suggests modulation occurs through gates located in the spinal cord.

Sensory Awareness and Characteristics

Body position awareness is managed by the proprioceptive part of the somatosensory system.
The ability to differentiate between two closely touching points on the skin is called two-point discrimination.
Thermal sensation pertains to sensitivity to changes in temperature in the environment.

Additional Symptoms

Common symptom associated with Ménière Disease includes episodes of vertigo.
Characteristic clinical manifestation related to hearing in Ménière Disease involves fluctuating hearing loss.
Drusen deposition characterizes dry (non-exudative) macular degeneration.

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Description

Test your knowledge on altered somatic and special sensory functions related to sensations like pain, touch, temperature, and body position. Explore the neurons and pathways of the somatosensory system in this quiz.