Chapter 11: Dataloggers and Predictive Maintenance

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a datalogger in the context of signalling equipment?

To provide real-time alerts and offline reports for maintenance staff.

Which of the following is NOT typically monitored by a datalogger?

Train schedules and timetables.

What type of data does a datalogger acquire from electronic interlocking systems?

Signalling element data and diagnostic data.

What is the key function of a datalogger in terms of data analysis?

To analyze data and provide actionable decisions as alarms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a datalogger in the context of predictive maintenance?

To detect and diagnose faults in signalling equipment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a general requirement of a datalogger system?

To communicate data to a central location. Signup and view all the answers

What type of data do earth leakage detectors for signal and power cables provide to a datalogger?

Earth leakage detection data. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of a datalogger system in terms of maintenance?

To minimize maintenance downtime and enable prompt action. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Datalogger in railway signalling systems?

To monitor and record the status of field functions Signup and view all the answers

What type of inputs can a Datalogger receive?

Both Digital and Analog Inputs Signup and view all the answers

Where can Dataloggers be deployed?

In both electrified and non-electrified areas Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Datalogger systems?

They are re-configurable to accommodate changes Signup and view all the answers

What is validated in a Datalogger system?

The accurate correspondence of Inputs, Outputs, Alerts, and yard layout display Signup and view all the answers

What type of simulation is provided by a Datalogger system?

Online simulation Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is provided by a Datalogger system for improving train operations?

Real-time inputs on train arrival/departures Signup and view all the answers

What type of reports are generated by a Datalogger system?

Both textual and graphical reports Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Remote Diagnostic and Predictive Maintenance System (RDPMS)?

To assist maintenance teams in taking proactive maintenance action Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of integrating Datalogger system results with existing processes?

To enable data-driven decisions for asset management Signup and view all the answers

Who among the following may receive exceptional reports or alarms?

Any of the above, depending on the category Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of automated analysis of signal gear parameters in RDPMS?

To aid maintenance staff in rectifying signal failures Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IoT devices in RDPMS?

To collect signal gear parameters remotely Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of integrating Datalogger system results with existing processes?

Data-driven decisions for asset management and usage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exceptional reports in Datalogger system?

To alert maintenance staff of potential issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Remote Diagnostic of Equipment in RDPMS?

To aid maintenance staff in rectifying signal failures Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for clock synchronisation in a datalogger system?

Synchronisation with Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) Clock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using IP-based networking in a datalogger system?

Improved scalability Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a built-in Real Time Clock in a datalogger?

To timestamp receipt of information Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for data storage and management infrastructure in a datalogger system?

Robust IT infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using path redundancy in a datalogger network?

Fault tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmission media can a datalogger work with?

Underground telecom cable, microwave (Digital or Analog) and OFC Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for interoperability in a datalogger system?

Ensuring compatibility with different makes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using analog signals in a datalogger system?

To connect directly to the datalogger Signup and view all the answers

What is the criteria for considering a point as not set against an occupied line?

The point is not set within a predetermined time after the train arrival. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of yards is the implementation of fault detection logic not possible for points against occupied lines?

Big yards Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the Relay Room Door Relay being down?

The relay room is opened. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for considering double line rear end points and single line front and rear end points in fault detection logic?

To ensure accurate fault detection in these specific points. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the RDSO and the fault detection logic for points against occupied lines?

RDSO provides the guidelines for implementing fault detection logic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a point not being set against an occupied line?

A fault message is generated. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a datalogger in the context of fault detection?

To provide real-time data for fault detection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the datalogger and the signalling logic?

The datalogger receives inputs from the signalling logic. Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for SPAD at Adv Str without Shunt Permission?

RECR is Up and TPR1, TPR2 are Down, TPR3 is Up Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of TFR Relay Stuck up?

TFR Relay Stuck up Signup and view all the answers

What is the time difference required between TPR2 Down and TPR3 Up for SPAD at Adv Str without Shunt Permission?

More than time T1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for IPS Failure?

50% DOD, MAINS FAIL, FRFC FAIL Signup and view all the answers

What is the time required for IPS Failure?

120 sec Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for IPS Restored?

50% DOD, MAINS OK, FRFC OK Signup and view all the answers

What is the time required for IPS Restored?

120 sec Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for TPR2 to be continuously Down?

The time difference between TPR2 Down and RECR Up is more than time T1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using predictive maintenance in railway signalling systems?

Reducing Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IoT devices in predictive maintenance systems?

Capturing parameters from signalling gears using sensors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of data acquisition from field and indoor equipment in predictive maintenance?

To monitor signalling gear parameters in real-time Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using machine learning and artificial intelligence in predictive maintenance?

Enabling advanced analytics for predictive maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of a Remote Diagnostic and Predictive Maintenance System (RDPMS) in signalling equipment?

To assist maintenance staff in taking appropriate maintenance action in advance to prevent signal failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following users may be provided with exceptional reports or alarms?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of automatic alerts in predictive maintenance systems?

To notify maintenance staff of potential failures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using wireless communication in predictive maintenance systems?

Facilitating real-time data transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of automated analysis of signal gear parameters in RDPMS?

To reduce the Mean Time To Recovery (MTTR) of signal gears Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of data analysis in predictive maintenance systems?

To detect potential failures Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IoT devices in RDPMS?

To collect parameters of signal gears remotely Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of integrating Datalogger system results with existing processes?

To provide data driven decisions to various agencies involved with asset management and usage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of integrating predictive maintenance with existing processes?

Improving overall system reliability and efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of exceptional reports in a Datalogger system?

To generate alarms for prompt action by required officials Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of Remote Diagnostic of Equipment in RDPMS?

To reduce the Mean Time To Recovery (MTTR) of signal gears Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of special software loaded in the computer in a Datalogger system?

To implement defined logics and generate exceptional reports as alarms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for implementing fault detection logic on points against occupied lines?

Yard size and complexity Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a point not being set against an occupied line within a pre-determined time?

Rear-end collision Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of RDSO in the context of fault detection logic?

To provide guidelines for fault detection logic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for considering double line rear end points and single line front and rear end points in fault detection logic?

Type of point and its location Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the Relay Room Door Relay being down?

Relay room door opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for implementing fault detection logic on points against occupied lines?

To prevent rear-end collision Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the RDSO and the fault detection logic for points against occupied lines?

RDSO provides guidelines for fault detection logic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fault detection logic on points against occupied lines?

To prevent rear-end collision Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition that triggers the 'Emergency Signal Cancellation' fault?

GNR (Input1) is Up & EGGNR (input2) is Up Signup and view all the answers

What type of fault occurs when all RECR's are down?

Panel Failure due to AC Power Failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for 'Point Repeated Operation'?

WNR is triggering (or) In between NCR/RCR up to Down if Point (NWKR/RWKR) is not set Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Panel Failure due to AC Power Failure?

Loss of signalling functionality Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for a 'Point Repeated Operation' fault?

WNR is triggering (or) In between NCR/RCR up to Down if Point (NWKR/RWKR) is not set Signup and view all the answers

What type of fault occurs when GNR (Input1) is Up & EGGNR (input2) is Up?

Emergency Signal Cancellation Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for 'Emergency Signal Cancellation'?

GNR (Input1) is Up & EGGNR (input2) is Up Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of 'Point Repeated Operation'?

Loss of signalling functionality Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dataloggers

Purpose of Dataloggers:
- Monitor signalling equipment and provide real-time alerts and offline reports
- Assist in collaborative working of various agencies/persons responsible for upkeep of signalling system by sharing data
- Provide data evidence for investigation of unusual incidents
- Provide data to Train operation Applications (as required)

Assets for Status Monitoring

Equipments to be monitored:
- Relays: potential free contacts
- Power supplies: voltages, currents
- Electronic Interlocking: signalling elements data, diagnostic data of EI
- Earth leakage detectors for Signal & Power Cables
- Signalling equipment with potential free contacts (e.g. SPD, fire detection system, IPS)
- Diagnostic Data from MSDAC, IPS, Trackside ATP, Fire Alarm etc.
- Door Opening/Closing of Relay Rooms

General Requirements

Datalogger system shall:
- Sense parameters of signalling equipment and acquire diagnostic data
- Communicate data to central location, analyze data, and provide actionable decisions as alarm
- Disseminate alarms to concerned staff for taking necessary action
- Send short messages to concerned staff for taking appropriate actions
- Chronologically monitor and record status of various field functions
- Be capable of receiving both digital and analog inputs at regular intervals
- Be suitable for working on non-electrified, AC electrified areas
- Be capable of working in any type of signalling installations on Indian Railways
- Be re-configurable to any changes required by user, whenever modifications are carried out in the yard
- Validate data for accurate correspondence of inputs, outputs, alerts, and yard layout display

Applications of Datalogger

Fault & Asset Management:
- Datalogger system provides data-driven decisions to various agencies involved with asset management and usage
- Generation of Exceptional Reports for maintenance staff, electrical maintenance staff, P-way maintenance staff, traffic staff/controllers, and operating staff

Remote Diagnostic and Predictive Maintenance System (RDPMS)

Objective:
- Assist maintenance team in taking appropriate maintenance action in advance to prevent failure of signalling gears
- Remote Diagnostic of Equipment:
  - Reduce MTTR and provide aid to maintenance staff in rectifying signal failures
  - Achieved by automated analysis of parameters of Signal gears collected remotely using IoT devices

Technical Requirements

For monitoring digital inputs, potential free contacts shall be used
Analog signals shall be connected directly to Datalogger
Datalogger shall have built-in Real-Time Clock for time stamping
Data storage shall be feasible in an external device
Synchronization with Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) Clock or any Satellite-Based approved clock is required

Network Requirements

Datalogger shall be capable of working with different transmission media
Networking and remote monitoring of several Dataloggers from the central location shall be possible
Features like on-line simulation, off-line simulation, failure management, exception logics, and synchronization shall be feasible from the central location
IP-based networking shall be feasible
Data storage and management infrastructure shall be provided to support local and remote access of online and offline data and alarms and reports

Dataloggers and Predictive Maintenance Systems

Fault Management

Fault Name "SPAD at Adv Str without Shunt Permission" occurs when RECR (input1) is up, TPR1 (input2) and TPR2 (input3) are down, TPR3 (input4) is up, and time difference between TPR2 down and TPR3 up is more than time T1, and time difference between TPR2 down and RECR up is more than the given time interval T1.
Fault Name "IPS Failure" occurs when DC-DC Converter, Inverter-1,2,3..., SMPS, and CALL S&T are down.
Fault Name "IPS Restored" occurs when DC-DC Converter, Inverter-1,2,3..., SMPS, and CALL S&T are up.
Fault Name "TFR Relay Stuckup" occurs when TFR is picked up.
Fault Name "Failure to set Point Against Occupied Line" occurs when the point is not set against the line on which the train is received within a predetermined time.
Fault Name "Relay Room Opening" occurs when Relay Room Door Relay is down.

Applications of Datalogger

Datalogger system provides data-driven decisions to various agencies involved with asset management and usage.
Generation of Exceptional Reports:
- These reports are generated by a computer connected to the Datalogger at the station (and at a central location also in case of networked Dataloggers).
- Special software loaded in the computer implements defined logics and generates exceptional reports as alarms.
- Reports are sent as messages to required officials for prompt action.

Remote Diagnostic and Predictive Maintenance System (RDPMS)

Objective: Assist maintenance team in taking appropriate maintenance action in advance to prevent the failure of signalling gears.
Two categories:
- Remote Diagnostic of Equipment: Automated analysis of parameters of signal gears collected remotely using IoT devices.
- Predictive Maintenance: Advance computing of Big data using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to facilitate predictive maintenance.

IoT System

IoT device is a software-embedded system that captures parameters from signalling gears using sensors and diagnostic ports and transmits data to Local Server through Gateway at the station.

Network Requirements

Communication from IoT device to Gateway at station may be on Wireless/Optical fiber/Copper cable/Wi-Fi communication.

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