Chapter 10: Skeletal Muscle Functions and Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue

Chapter 10: Skeletal Muscle Functions

• Skeletal muscle is surrounded by three layers of connective tissue
• Tendons are formed by connective tissue
• Muscle characteristics include myosatellite cells, sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, and sarcoplasmic reticulum
• Myofibrils are bundles responsible for muscle contraction
• Two types of myofilaments exist: actin and myosin
• Sarcomeres are the functional units of muscle contraction
• Muscle contraction follows a sliding filament mechanism
• Acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are involved in muscle contraction and relaxation
• Contraction steps include initiation, contraction cycle, and rigor mortis
• Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle differ in structure and function; important differences should be noted.
• Visual aids (diagrams, pictures) are important for understanding muscle function

Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue

• Nervous tissue contains various types of cells; note the types
• The central nervous system (CNS) is the brain and spinal cord
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is divided into afferent and efferent systems
• Note the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems and their functions
• Functional components of neurons include receptors, effectors, neurons, dendrites, and neuroglia.
• Note the structural classifications of neurons.
• Understand the processes of depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization
• Different types of nerve fiber propagation exist, including continuous vs. saltatory.
• Note myelination speed differences among types of nerve fibers.

Chapter 14: Adult Human Brain

• Key structures include Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Gyrus, Sulcus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata.
• Brain functions are associated with different areas (e.g. Cerebellum coordinates movement)
• Functions of brain structures are important.
• Protections of the brain (chemical and physical) are important
• Stroke, ataxia, and seizure are diseases that affect the brain; important to know their implications.
• The difference between superior and inferior colliculi, is important.
• The lobes and major regions of the cerebrum, cerebellum and the relationship between the hemispheres are critical.
• Note the location and function of specific sensor areas and their neurological circuits.
• Structures like Wernicke's and Broca's areas play a special role in language, and should be understood.
• Identifying and understanding the functions of cranial nerves, particularly mentioned ones, is important.
• The optic chiasm is an important structure for visual pathways.

Explore the intricate functions of skeletal muscles as detailed in Chapter 10, including the role of connective tissues, muscle fibers, and contraction mechanisms. Additionally, gain insights into the types of cells in nervous tissue as discussed in Chapter 12. This quiz will test your understanding of these essential biological systems.