Chapter 10: Acid, Bases and Salts - Learning Outcomes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the Arrhenius concept of acids and bases?

Acids give H+ ions in water, bases give OH ions in water.

Give an example of a base that is corrosive in concentrated form.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

What is the Latin origin of the word 'acid' and what does it mean?

The Latin word is 'Acidus' meaning sour.

What is the characteristic property of acids that allows them to be recognized?

<p>Acids turn blue litmus red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an alkaline medicine in treating acidity?

<p>The alkaline medicine neutralizes the acid, producing a harmless chemical called a salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Arrhenius acids and give an example.

<p>Arrhenius acids are substances that dissociate in water to produce H+ ions. Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, how are substances classified as acids or bases?

<p>Substances are classified as acids if they donate protons and as bases if they accept protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classify substances as Lewis acids or bases.

<p>Lewis acids accept electron pairs, while Lewis bases donate electron pairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for the self-ionization of water.

<p>The equation is: $2H2O ightleftharpoons H3O+ + OH-$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the hydrogen or hydroxide ion concentration, classify a solution as neutral, acidic, or basic.

<p>If the hydrogen ion concentration is equal to the hydroxide ion concentration, the solution is neutral. If the hydrogen ion concentration is greater, the solution is acidic. If the hydroxide ion concentration is greater, the solution is basic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete and balance a neutralization reaction.

<p>Example: $HCl + NaOH ightarrow NaCl + H2O$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Arrhenius Concept of Acids and Bases

  • Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.
  • Bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in an aqueous solution.

Example of a Corrosive Base

  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a common corrosive base in concentrated form, causing severe burns.

Origin of the Word 'Acid'

  • The term 'acid' derives from the Latin word "acidus," meaning "sour."

Characteristic Property of Acids

  • Acids can donate protons (H⁺) and have a sour taste, identified in foods like citrus fruits.

Role of Alkaline Medicine

  • Alkaline medicines neutralize excess stomach acid, providing relief from acidity and heartburn.

Definition and Example of Arrhenius Acids

  • Arrhenius acids are substances that increase H⁺ concentration in water; hydrochloric acid (HCl) serves as a prime example.

Bronsted-Lowry Theory Classification

  • According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.

Lewis Acids and Bases Classification

  • Lewis acids accept electron pairs, while Lewis bases donate electron pairs in chemical reactions.

Self-Ionization of Water

  • The self-ionization of water can be represented by the equation: H₂O ⇌ H⁺ + OH⁻.

Solution Classification

  • Solutions are classified based on hydrogen (H⁺) or hydroxide (OH⁻) ion concentrations, determining whether they are neutral (pH 7), acidic (pH < 7), or basic (pH > 7).

Neutralization Reaction

  • A typical neutralization reaction: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l), involving the reaction of an acid with a base to form water and a salt.

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Description

Test your understanding of Chapter 10 concepts related to acids, bases, and salts. This quiz covers defining Arrhenius acids and bases, using the Bronsted-Lowry theory, and classifying substances as Lewis acids or bases.

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