Chapter 1: Early American Colonization

Chapter 1: Early American Colonization

• Key Figures and Events:
  • Christopher Columbus: Discovered the New World in 1492.
  • Hernan Cortes: Conquered the Aztecs.
  • James I: Jamestown namesake.
  • Pilgrims/Separatists: Established Plymouth Colony.
  • Puritans: Sought to purify the Church of England.
  • Great Migration: Mass exodus of Puritans to the New World.
  • Indentured Servants: Worked off the cost of their passage.
  • Mayflower Compact: Pilgrim agreement to govern by majority rule.
  • Spanish Armada: Huge naval fleet defeated by the British.
  • John Smith: Jamestown leader who enforced labor.
  • Joint-Stock Companies: Provided investment opportunities.
  • Treaty of Tordesillas: Divided lands between Spain and Portugal.
  • Protestant Reformation: Created schism in the Catholic Church.
  • Henry VIII: King who created a church to divorce his wife.
  • Charles I: Triggered the English Civil War.
  • Sir Walter Raleigh: Founded Roanoke Colony.
  • Elizabeth I: Solidified Protestantism in England.
  • Taino: Native Americans who first encountered Columbus.
  • Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors of Native Americans.
• Key Concepts & Facts:
  • Diseases spread from Europeans to Native Americans.
  • Taino were not a formidable military force to Columbus.
  • The Portuguese did not introduce slavery into British colonies.
  • Slavery existed in Africa before European arrival.

Chapter 2: Chesapeake and Southern Colonies

• Key Figures and Events:
  • Chesapeake Colonies: Virginia and Maryland.
  • Bacon’s Rebellion: Uprising of poor farmers in Jamestown.
  • James Oglethorpe: First governor of Georgia.
  • Navigation Acts: British laws restricting colonial trade.
  • William Penn: Quaker who founded Pennsylvania.
  • Charter of Liberties: Guaranteed religious freedom in Pennsylvania.
• Key Concepts & Facts:
  • Rum and prostitution were banned in Georgia after it became a royal colony.
  • Increased demand for labor led to more reliance on slavery.
  • An Act of Toleration did not guarantee freedom to worshipers.
  • Bacon’s Rebellion led to colonial resistance to royal control and growing disparity between rich and poor.
  • New York was not originally called New Amistad.
  • Quakers believed in equality for men and women
  • Mercantilism: Colonies existed to enrich the parent country.

Chapter 3: Enlightenment and the French and Indian War

• Key Figures and Philosophers:
  • John Locke: Argued that natural laws bound governments.
  • Jean Jacques Rousseau: Advocated for a social contract.
  • Jonathan Edwards: Author of "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."
• Key Wars and Events:
  • French/Indian War: Led to France's removal from the New World.
  • King George's War: Georgian colonists repelled a Spanish invasion.
  • King William's War: British failed to capture Quebec.
  • Queen Anne's War: British failed to capture Quebec but gained Nova Scotia.
• Key Concepts & Facts:
  • Enlightenment philosophies influenced colonial protests.
  • Colonists resented the Gaspée because it disrupted smuggling.
  • Intolerable Acts were a response to the Boston Tea Party.
  • The Stamp Act taxed printed materials.
  • The Sugar Act was an indirect tax.
  • Indirect taxes are generally less tolerable than direct taxes.

Chapter 4: American Revolution

• Key Figures and Events: - Thomas Paine: Author of "Common Sense." - Daniel Shays: Led a small uprising of New England farmers. - William Dawes: Warned colonists about British advance.
• Key Concepts & Facts:
  • The Battle of Waterloo did not impact US-French alliance.
  • The Treaty of Paris of 1783 did not cede Florida to the U.S.
  • The First Continental Congress formed in response to the Intolerable Acts.
  • The Articles of Confederation established a unicameral legislature.
  • The Northwest Ordinance outlined statehood rules.
  • The central government under the Articles couldn't conscript soldiers.
  • The central government under the Articles couldn't levy taxes.
  • Radical delegates in the First Continental Congress were not exclusively from the South.

Chapter 5: The Constitution

• Key Figures and Events:
  • 2nd Amendment: Right to bear arms.
  • 6th Amendment: Speedy and public trial.
  • 3rd Amendment: No quartering of soldiers.
  • 9th Amendment: Unenumerated rights.
  • 10th Amendment: Powers reserved to the states or people.
  • 1st Amendment: Freedom of religion, speech, assembly, and press.
  • 8th Amendment: No cruel or unusual punishment.
  • 4th Amendment: Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.
  • 7th Amendment: Trial by jury.
• Key Concepts & Facts:
  • Madison and Hamilton supported a new constitution rather than amending the Articles.
  • Anti-Federalists opposed the new constitution, fearing the destruction of the revolution.
  • Federalists opposed a Bill of Rights as it was seen as unnecessary; rather, they felt the people already had the power to control the government.
  • The Naturalization Act raised the immigrant age for US citizenship
  • The Election of 1800 resulted in a tied Electoral College vote.
  • The decline of the Federalist Party wasn't directly linked to the XYZ Affair.

Chapter 6: Early US Presidents

• Key Figures and Events:
  • Thomas Jefferson: Cousin to John Marshall.
  • Napoleon: Offered the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.
  • John C. Calhoun: Warhawk congressman from South Carolina.
  • Henry Clay: Warhawk congressman from Tennessee.
  • William Marbury: Federalist judge suing for commission.
  • Andrew Jackson: Led the U.S. in the Battle of New Orleans.
• Key Concepts & Facts:
  • Jefferson's presidency altered Federalist policies.
  • Jefferson's main reason for the Louisiana Purchase was not directly related to Hamilton's interpretations.
  • Impressment of American sailors was a key reason for the War of 1812.
  • Marbury v. Madison didn't establish legal precedence.

Chapter 7: Nationalism and Sectionalism

• Key Figures and Events:
  • Eli Whitney: Inventor of the cotton gin.
  • John Marshall: Long-standing Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
  • James Monroe: President during the Era of Good Feelings.
  • Protective Tariffs: Designed to limit imports and promote US growth.
  • George Canning: British foreign secretary who suggested the Monroe Doctrine's concepts.
• Key Concepts & Facts:
  • Eli Whitney's inventions significantly increased slavery's demand.
  • The promise of citizenship was not the primary motivator for westward migration.
  • Clay's American System did not depend solely on state banks.
  • The Monroe Doctrine did not give Europeans the right to intervene in Latin America.

Chapter 8: Antebellum Era (1840s - 1860s)

• Key Figures and Events:
  • Native American resistance to immigrants' arrival was not overwhelmingly favorable.
  • Irish immigration was not mainly due to U.S. policies.
  • Nativist responses to immigration did not lead to large changes in immigration laws.
  • The Know-Nothing party attracted anti-immigration voters.
  • Slavery resistance was not primarily a form of political activism.

Chapter 9 & 10: Antebellum Literature and Reform Movements

• Key Figures and Authors:
  • Herman Melville
  • James Fenimore Cooper
  • Susan B Anthony
  • Nathaniel Hawthorne -Washington Irving -Dorothea Dix -Horace Mann -Robert Owen -Nat Turner -Joseph Smith
• Key Concepts & Facts: -The Oneida community didn't succeed due to its principles -Shaker community declined due to insufficient reproduction.
  • The Second Great Awakening did not uniformly strengthen unity among protestant churches
  • The Cult of Domesticity did not promote societal equality for women -The Temperance movement faced some opposition from immigrant groups. -The Seneca Falls Convention issued a declaration on women's rights.

Chapter 11: Manifest Destiny

• Key Figures and Events:
  • Gold discovery drove westward migration.
  • The promise of land acquisition wasn't foremost in the minds of those heading West.
  • Overland trails (Oregon Trail) presented challenges like harsh weather and diseases.
  • The Treaty that ended the Mexican War didn't have widespread Southern support due to anti-slavery ideology.
  • Congress' opposition to expanding slave states delayed US acquisition of Texas.
  • The Mexican War augmented sectional tensions over slavery.

Chapter 12: Sectionalism and the Road to Civil War

• Key Figures and Events:
  • Compromise of 1850 was partly due to California gold rush settlers.
  • Fugitive slave laws allowed capture of anyone of African descent.
  • Some argued slave treatment was better than factory worker's treatment.
  • Lincoln's position on slavery expansion was essential in the 1860 election.
  • Whites aiding runaway slaves faced no legal sanctions under the Fugitive Slave Law -Lincoln-Douglas Debates did not lead to increased Southern support for Douglas.

Chapter 13: Key Terms and Concepts

• Key Terms and Fill-Ins: This section contains numerous specific terms, events, and people of this era, some of which have multiple possible answers for the fills-in. (e.g., "names of major cash crop in Virginia").

Explore the early stages of American colonization in this quiz, covering key figures such as Christopher Columbus and events like the establishment of Jamestown and the Mayflower Compact. Test your knowledge on the motivations behind colonization, the roles of different groups, and significant agreements that shaped early America.