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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes a mixed economy?
Which of the following best describes a mixed economy?
In a mixed economy, income tax is always regressive, meaning lower incomes pay a higher percentage.
In a mixed economy, income tax is always regressive, meaning lower incomes pay a higher percentage.
False
What is the purpose of taxation in a mixed economy?
What is the purpose of taxation in a mixed economy?
To redistribute wealth and provide public services.
In Canada, the government provides __________ assistance to support those in need.
In Canada, the government provides __________ assistance to support those in need.
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Match the following components of Canada's mixed economy with their descriptions:
Match the following components of Canada's mixed economy with their descriptions:
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Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?
Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?
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The Prime Minister is part of the Judicial Branch of government.
The Prime Minister is part of the Judicial Branch of government.
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What is meant by nationalization?
What is meant by nationalization?
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What is the definition of 'assimilation' in a societal context?
What is the definition of 'assimilation' in a societal context?
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Deficit financing occurs when a government spends more than its tax revenues.
Deficit financing occurs when a government spends more than its tax revenues.
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The _________ is a legal document that outlines and protects the rights of Canadian citizens.
The _________ is a legal document that outlines and protects the rights of Canadian citizens.
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Name one example of a crown corporation in Canada.
Name one example of a crown corporation in Canada.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Indirect taxes include __________ taxes levied on property and services.
Indirect taxes include __________ taxes levied on property and services.
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Match the following types of taxes with their definitions:
Match the following types of taxes with their definitions:
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What is the purpose of the Senate in the Canadian government?
What is the purpose of the Senate in the Canadian government?
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A monopoly in an economic context implies full competition in the market.
A monopoly in an economic context implies full competition in the market.
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What was one result of the Great Depression in Canada?
What was one result of the Great Depression in Canada?
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Deregulation involves increasing government control over industries.
Deregulation involves increasing government control over industries.
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Name one right guaranteed under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Name one right guaranteed under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
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What role does the Bank of Canada play in a mixed economy?
What role does the Bank of Canada play in a mixed economy?
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Canada's system of government includes levels such as municipal, provincial, and ________.
Canada's system of government includes levels such as municipal, provincial, and ________.
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Taxation in Canada can be viewed as a form of __________ policy.
Taxation in Canada can be viewed as a form of __________ policy.
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Which of the following terms describes the practice of seeking to influence legislators?
Which of the following terms describes the practice of seeking to influence legislators?
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Which category of immigrants includes those fleeing religious or political persecution?
Which category of immigrants includes those fleeing religious or political persecution?
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Canada's immigration system only allows immigrants from European countries.
Canada's immigration system only allows immigrants from European countries.
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What law governs immigration in Canada?
What law governs immigration in Canada?
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Canada is officially recognized as a __________ and __________ nation.
Canada is officially recognized as a __________ and __________ nation.
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What was one measure Canada took to restrict Chinese immigration in the past?
What was one measure Canada took to restrict Chinese immigration in the past?
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Match the following Canadian immigration categories with their descriptions:
Match the following Canadian immigration categories with their descriptions:
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The points system for economic immigrants considers work experience and education levels.
The points system for economic immigrants considers work experience and education levels.
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Who was the Prime Minister responsible for the Official Languages Act and the Multiculturalism Act?
Who was the Prime Minister responsible for the Official Languages Act and the Multiculturalism Act?
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What is the primary focus of consumerism in a market economy?
What is the primary focus of consumerism in a market economy?
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In a monopoly, multiple companies share control of the marketplace.
In a monopoly, multiple companies share control of the marketplace.
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Who is known as the 'father' of Canada's universal healthcare system?
Who is known as the 'father' of Canada's universal healthcare system?
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In a __________ economy, the means of production are owned and controlled by the government.
In a __________ economy, the means of production are owned and controlled by the government.
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What is the main idea advocated by Marx regarding resource distribution?
What is the main idea advocated by Marx regarding resource distribution?
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Match the following economic principles with their corresponding definitions:
Match the following economic principles with their corresponding definitions:
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In a command economy, there is high consumer sovereignty.
In a command economy, there is high consumer sovereignty.
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of Canada’s healthcare system?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of Canada’s healthcare system?
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What does collectivism emphasize in society?
What does collectivism emphasize in society?
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The government intervention in a mixed economy aims to achieve __________ in key areas.
The government intervention in a mixed economy aims to achieve __________ in key areas.
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Consumer boycotts occur when consumers are unhappy with a company's actions.
Consumer boycotts occur when consumers are unhappy with a company's actions.
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What economic system allows no government intervention and is characterized by individual ownership?
What economic system allows no government intervention and is characterized by individual ownership?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of a command economy?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a command economy?
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In Canada, both the public and private sectors operate in competitive environments.
In Canada, both the public and private sectors operate in competitive environments.
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The main thinker behind the ideas of capitalism and the 'invisible hand' is __________.
The main thinker behind the ideas of capitalism and the 'invisible hand' is __________.
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Name one philosopher associated with democratic socialism.
Name one philosopher associated with democratic socialism.
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of a market economy?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a market economy?
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A famous quote from John Maynard Keynes is about the government stimulating the economy during a depression through __________ and lowering taxes.
A famous quote from John Maynard Keynes is about the government stimulating the economy during a depression through __________ and lowering taxes.
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Match the economic system with its key feature:
Match the economic system with its key feature:
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What role does the Bank of Canada play in the economy?
What role does the Bank of Canada play in the economy?
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Consumers in a command economy have ample choices for goods.
Consumers in a command economy have ample choices for goods.
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What were two major consequences of Stalin's rapid industrialization in the Soviet Union?
What were two major consequences of Stalin's rapid industrialization in the Soviet Union?
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In a mixed economy, the government's involvement can help prevent individuals from hitting __________.
In a mixed economy, the government's involvement can help prevent individuals from hitting __________.
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Which program is NOT a part of Canada's social safety net?
Which program is NOT a part of Canada's social safety net?
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Match the following philosophers with their beliefs:
Match the following philosophers with their beliefs:
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What is the primary function of the House of Commons in Canada?
What is the primary function of the House of Commons in Canada?
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The Senate in Canada is elected by the public.
The Senate in Canada is elected by the public.
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What system does the Canadian government use to select members of the House of Commons?
What system does the Canadian government use to select members of the House of Commons?
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In Canada, the _______ represents the Crown and acts on the advice of the Prime Minister.
In Canada, the _______ represents the Crown and acts on the advice of the Prime Minister.
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Match the following components of the Canadian government with their functions:
Match the following components of the Canadian government with their functions:
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Which of the following factors can trigger a vote of non-confidence in the Canadian government?
Which of the following factors can trigger a vote of non-confidence in the Canadian government?
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Lobby groups have no influence on Canadian government decision-making.
Lobby groups have no influence on Canadian government decision-making.
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What is the role of the media in relation to the government?
What is the role of the media in relation to the government?
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The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) addresses the issues of ______ in Canada.
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) addresses the issues of ______ in Canada.
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Match the following advocacy groups with their focus:
Match the following advocacy groups with their focus:
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When was the Charter of Rights and Freedoms incorporated into the Canadian Constitution?
When was the Charter of Rights and Freedoms incorporated into the Canadian Constitution?
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The Supreme Court of Canada can uphold laws that violate the constitution.
The Supreme Court of Canada can uphold laws that violate the constitution.
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Describe the principle of 'responsible government' in Canada.
Describe the principle of 'responsible government' in Canada.
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Scarcity arises from the combination of _______ wants and _______ resources.
Scarcity arises from the combination of _______ wants and _______ resources.
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Which of the following is an effect of competition in a capitalist economy?
Which of the following is an effect of competition in a capitalist economy?
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Canadian Government
- Governance: The process of governing; managing a country or organization.
- Legislative Branch: The branch of government that makes laws.
- Popular Vote: The outcome of an election where the most votes are cast for a particular candidate.
- Supreme Court: The highest court in Canada, interpreting and applying laws.
- Bill: A proposed law before it is enacted.
- Judicial Branch: The branch of government that interprets and applies laws.
- Minorities: Groups that are numerically or socially smaller than the majority in a population.
- Accountable: Responsible for the actions and decisions made.
- Law: Rules and regulations created by or adopted by a recognized political authority.
- Government: The system or process by which a territory or country is governed.
- House of Commons: The lower house of the Canadian Parliament.
- Senate: The upper house of the Canadian Parliament.
- Civil Service: The non-elected administrative branch of government.
- Assimilation: Adopting the culture and customs of a dominant group.
- Constitution: The fundamental laws of a country.
- Prime Minister: The head of government in Canada.
- Representation by Population: A system of representation in the legislature where the number of representatives for each region is determined by the population.
- Constituency: A district represented by an elected member.
- Judges: Appointed officials who preside over legal proceedings in the courts.
- Media - Watchdog: Media's role in scrutinizing and reporting on government actions.
- Lobbyist: Someone who attempts to influence government decisions.
- Policy: A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government.
Chapter 2: Criminal Justice System
- Fair and equitable: Just and impartial.
- Criminal Record: A record of a person's criminal convictions.
- Jury: A group of people who decide on a verdict in a legal case.
- Defense: The legal representation for a defendant in a criminal case.
- Justice: Fair treatment and due process under the law.
- Sentence: The punishment imposed on a convicted criminal.
- Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA): Legislation governing the treatment of young offenders.
- Prosecution: The legal representation for the state or government in a criminal case.
- Justice System: The set of procedures and institutions used to enforce laws.
- Rehabilitate: To help someone return to a normal state.
- Jury Duty: Obligation to serve as a member of a jury.
- Sequester: To isolate jurors from outside influences during a trial.
- Legislation: Laws in the process of being enacted.
- Reintegrate: To help someone re-enter society.
- Elizabeth Fry Society: An advocacy group supporting the needs of women in the criminal justice system.
- Criminal Code of Canada: The collection of federal laws related to criminal behaviour.
- Community Service: A form of punishment where a criminal does work for the community.
- Young Offender: A person under a specific age deemed a young offender by law.
- John Howard Society: An advocacy group supporting the needs of people in the criminal justice system.
Chapter 3: Rights and Freedoms
- Constitution: The fundamental laws of a country.
- Legal Rights: Rights granted to individuals by law.
- Labour Unions: Groups representing workers' interests in the workplace.
- Charter of Rights and Freedoms: A document outlining fundamental rights and freedoms in Canadian law.
- Equality Rights: Ensuring equal treatment regardless of differences.
- Fundamental Freedoms: Basic rights such as freedom of expression and religion.
- Indian Act: Legislation impacting Indigenous peoples in Canada.
- Democratic Rights: Rights related to participation in democracy.
- Suffrage (right to vote): The right to vote in elections.
- Mobility Rights: Right to move and live in any part of Canada.
- Internment: Imprisonment or confinement.
Chapter 4: Indigenous Peoples
- Collective Rights: Rights held by a group or community.
- Affirm: To officially acknowledge or support something.
- First Nations: Indigenous groups whose ancestral lands are within Canada.
- Indian Act: Legislation impacting Indigenous peoples in Canada.
- Reserve: Land set apart for use by Indigenous peoples.
- Residential School: Schools formerly run by the Canadian government that were intended to assimilate Indigenous children.
- Francophone: French-speaking people.
- Publically Funded: Supported and financed by the public.
- Collective Identity: Shared sense of belonging to a group.
- FMNI: A specific abbreviation related to Indigenous peoples.
- Sovereignty: Right to self-governance.
- Numbered Treaties: Agreements between Indigenous groups and the Canadian government.
- Treaty 6, 7, 8: Specific treaties outlining agreements.
- Assimilate: To absorb into a dominant culture.
- Official Language: Officially recognized language.
- Autonomy: Self-governance or self-rule.
- Indian: A term used to identify First Nations people (often considered outdated).
- Entrench: To establish firmly in law.
- Official Language Minority: A group that speaks a minority language recognized by the government.
- Métis: Indigenous people of mixed European and Indigenous heritage.
- Patriate: To bring a government's constitution home from another jurisdiction.
- Ethnocentrism: Belief that one's own culture is superior.
- Amendment: A modification or change to a law or document.
- Anglophone: English-speaking people.
- Scrip: Certificates representing land claims or settlement.
Chapter 5: Immigration
- Immigration: Movement of people into a new country.
- Family Class: Immigration category based on family relationships.
- Economic Class: Immigration category based on economic factors.
- Economic Factor: A factor affecting immigration choices.
- Point System: A system used in some countries like Canada to assess immigrant eligibility based on factors.
- Refugee Class: Immigration category for those seeking refuge from persecution.
- Political Factor: A political reason for immigration.
- Chinese Head Tax: A tax imposed on Chinese immigrants in Canada's past.
- Immigration and Refugee Protection Act: Legislation governing immigration to Canada.
- Refugee: A person fleeing their home country for safety.
- Health Factor: A health concern for immigrants.
- Demographic: Relating to the structure and characteristics of a population.
- Security Factor: Factors related to national security.
- Exclude: To prevent someone from entering a country or system.
Chapter 6: Economics
- Economics: The study of how societies use scarce resources.
- Scarcity: The fundamental economic problem that human wants exceed resources.
- Supply and demand: The forces that determine prices in a market economy.
- Competition: Rivalry among producers to attract customers.
- Strike: A work stoppage by employees to pressure employers.
- Economic Systems: Different ways societies organize their economies.
- Land, Labour, Capital: The basic resources of production.
- Cooperation: Working together toward a common goal.
- Monopoly: A market where one company controls most or all of production.
- Labour Unions: Groups representing workers' interests.
- Mixed Economy: An economy with both government involvement and private enterprise.
- Democratic Socialism: An economic system that blends aspects of both market and planned capitalism.
- Labour: The human effort required to produce goods and services.
- Equilibrium: A state of balance between supply and demand, leading to a stable price.
- Collective Bargaining: Negotiations between employers and employees represent on their behalf
- Market Economy: An economic system where individuals and businesses make decisions about production and pricing.
- Capitalism: Political system based on ideas of individual free enterprise.
- Privately Owned: Owned by individuals or businesses, not by the government.
- Privatization: Shifting government-owned businesses to private ownership.
- Individualism: Emphasis on individual self-reliance, freedom, and success.
- Self-interest: Motivation to improve one's own wellbeing.
- Profit motive: Desire to gain financial benefit.
- Producer: Someone who creates and sells goods or services.
- Consumer: Someone who uses goods or services.
- Command Economy: An economic system where the government controls all economic activity.
- Publicly Owned: Owned by or operated by the government.
- Nationalization: Transferring ownership of a private industry to the government.
- Collective: Relating to a group of individuals.
- Collectivism: Emphasis on the needs of the group over individual needs.
- Equality: Similar status in all matters
- Socialism: Economic system emphasizing social ownership of resources.
- Crown Corporation - CBC: A government-owned media corporation (example).
- Unemployment Rate: Percentage of people in the workforce who are unemployed.
Chapter 7: Consumerism
- Consumerism: The ideology where material goods define quality of life/value.
- Marketing: The process of getting customers to want one's products.
- Consumer Spending: How much consumers spend money on goods and services.
- Advertising: The promotion of products to increase sales.
- Prosperity: Economic success and wealth.
- Health and Safety: Consumer protection standards.
- Economic Growth: An expansion of the economy.
- Bandwagon Effect: Marketing technique enticing consumers by suggesting a huge majority of people are using the product.
- Scientific Appeal: Marketing techniques appealing to consumers' belief in scientific proof.
- Emotional Appeal: Marketing techniques enticing consumers using emotionally charged messages.
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of a country's output.
- Environment: The natural world.
- Boycott: Refusal of consumers to engage with a product/service.
- Glittering Generalities: Marketing techniques appealing to consumers with empty statements that are difficult or impossible to evaluate.
Chapter 8: Social Programs and Political Parties
- Social Programs: Government initiatives offering social services and support.
- Public Health Care: Healthcare systems run and funded by the government.
- Universality: The principle that equal access to a service or program is promised to everyone.
- Conservative Party: A political party.
- Democratic Party: A political party.
- Taxation: Collection of money from citizens to fund government activities.
- Income Tax: Tax on personal income.
- Progressive taxation: Tax system where higher earners pay a higher percentage of their income.
- Liberal Party: A political party.
- New Democratic Party (NDP): A political party.
- Republican Party: A US political party.
- Health Insurance: Private support for healthcare costs in the United States or a separate system from public healthcare.
- Tax Base: The source of funds used to pay taxes.
- Black Market: Illegal economic activities.
- Political Party: Group that participates in political elections to influence policy and gain power.
- Private Health Care: Healthcare financed and managed by private companies or individuals.
- Sales Tax: Tax on sales of goods and services.
- Tax Evasion: Illegal attempts to avoid paying taxes.
- Green Party: A political party.
- Party Platform: List of policies and objectives supported by a political party.
- Goods and Services Tax (GST): A tax on goods and services in Canada.
- Underground Economy: Economic activities that are hidden from government view; untaxed.
- Bloc Quebecois: A political party focused on Quebec interests.
Chapter 9: Quality of Life and Environmental Issues
- Quality of Life: Wellbeing measured by various factors.
- Environmental Issues: Concerns about the state of the environment.
- Co2 Emissions: Release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
- Oil Sands: Areas with significant oil reserves.
- Biodiversity: Variety of life forms.
- GDP per capita: Measure of output per person in a country.
- Development: Economic growth or advancement.
- Sustainability: Ensuring resources are used in a way that they will last.
- Climate Change: Changes in world temperatures and other weather patterns.
- Kyoto Protocol: An international environmental agreement.
- International Agreements: Treaties between countries regarding environmental and other matters.
- Ratified: Accepted or approved by a country.
- Carbon Tax: A tax designed to reduce carbon emissions.
- Green House Gas (GHG): Gases that contribute to climate change.
Essential Understandings
- Canadian Constitution and Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Foundation of democracy, outlining core rights and freedoms.
- Branches and Levels of Government: Executive, Legislative, Judicial, with federal, provincial, and municipal levels.
- Structure and Function of Federal Government: Understanding the legislative branches (House of Commons, Senate), responsible government, and the role of the Executive (Prime Minister, Cabinet).
- Election System: The 'first-past-the-post' system and its effect on government stability (example of majority vs. minority governments).
- Responsible Government: The Prime Minister and Cabinet must maintain the confidence of Parliament for governing.
- Party Discipline: The degree of obedience demanded from party members by their political leaders in policy and voting decisions, and the perceived repercussions for failing to comply.
- Process of Lawmaking: Detailed information about passing legislation is not covered in this response.
- The Governor General: Ceremonial role representing the Queen as head of state; powers are largely ceremonial.
- Media as Watchdog: Role of media to report on government actions objectively.
- Lobbying and Interest Groups: Organizations that attempt to influence government decisions.
- Checks and Balances: Systems preventing absolute government power (media, official opposition, courts, interest groups).
- Justice System: The institutions involved in administering justice, based on equality before the law.
- Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA): Legislation focused on treating young offenders.
- Advocacy Groups: Organizations actively supporting causes (Elizabeth Fry Society, John Howard Society).
- Charter's Entrenchment: The Charter was brought home directly from UK law.
- Basic Charter Rights: Information on the Charter's rights is not covered in full in this response.
- Human Rights Issues: Information on past and present concerns isn't entirely covered by this response.
- Scarcity, Means of Production, Supply and Demand: Basic economic concepts and principles (example of individual vs. collective good).
- Competition, Regulation, Monopoly: Factors impacting market systems and impacts of monopolies/ oligopolies
- Advertising and Marketing: Techniques used to influence consumers.
- Consumerism and Boycotts: Understanding consumer decisions and boycotts as an act of protest and influence.
- Canadian Healthcare System: A comparison of the Canadian and US-based systems, differentiating between universal and private healthcare (public/private).
- Market vs. Command Economies: Comparing different economic perspectives(capitalism vs. communism).
- Mixed Economy (Democratic Socialism): The system and role of the government in managing the economy.
- Economic Influences: Ways for the government to attempt to influence consumer spending and other parts of the economy (taxation, interest rates).
- Privatization and Nationalization: Shifting ownership of industries between private and public spheres.
- Canadian Immigration: Factors affecting who can immigrate, policies changing based on national needs.
- Canadian Taxation: Understanding the various taxes and how these are used to fund services (example of progressive/regressive taxes).
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