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Questions and Answers
What was the end of Classic Rock and Roll?
What was the end of Classic Rock and Roll?
The end of several major names: Carl Perkins (car accident), Little Richard (retired), Elvis (entered army), Jerry Lee Lewis (scandal - married his cousin), Buddy Holly (killed - plane crash), Chuck Berry (imprisoned).
Describe the various reasons for the backlash against rock music.
Describe the various reasons for the backlash against rock music.
White supremacy groups warned of dangers of rock and roll through pamphlets, meetings, boycotts, 'I Hate Elvis' clubs, record burning, etc.
Describe why there were changes taking place in America.
Describe why there were changes taking place in America.
Teen Idols: Boy and Girl Next Door. In the 1960s, major record labels regained control of the teen market using noncontroversial artists.
Describe Teen Idols.
Describe Teen Idols.
What did the major labels do to combat the success of the independent record labels?
What did the major labels do to combat the success of the independent record labels?
Describe why there were changes in pop music.
Describe why there were changes in pop music.
Who took over American Bandstand, and when did they go national?
Who took over American Bandstand, and when did they go national?
Where was American Bandstand located?
Where was American Bandstand located?
What was significant about American Bandstand?
What was significant about American Bandstand?
Who were some of the artists in the Teen Idol era?
Who were some of the artists in the Teen Idol era?
What were the characteristics of Teen Idol songs?
What were the characteristics of Teen Idol songs?
Describe the relationship between Rock and Roll and TV.
Describe the relationship between Rock and Roll and TV.
What is Payola?
What is Payola?
Who were key figures involved/affected by Payola?
Who were key figures involved/affected by Payola?
Name a song from the Dance craze scheme. Who was it by? What was significant about it?
Name a song from the Dance craze scheme. Who was it by? What was significant about it?
Who was responsible for Brill Building Pop?
Who was responsible for Brill Building Pop?
Summarize Leiber and Stoller.
Summarize Leiber and Stoller.
Describe Brill Building Pop.
Describe Brill Building Pop.
What did Leiber and Stoller do?
What did Leiber and Stoller do?
Name a song of Brill Building Pop.
Name a song of Brill Building Pop.
What did 'Hound Dog' by Elvis do?
What did 'Hound Dog' by Elvis do?
What does Aldon Music do?
What does Aldon Music do?
Where does Aldon Music come from?
Where does Aldon Music come from?
Who started Aldon Music?
Who started Aldon Music?
Name some of the writing teams for Nevins and Kirshner (Aldon Music).
Name some of the writing teams for Nevins and Kirshner (Aldon Music).
Songs of Aldon Music.
Songs of Aldon Music.
Burt Bacharach and Hal David - Who were they, who did they work with, what was their style?
Burt Bacharach and Hal David - Who were they, who did they work with, what was their style?
When did 'pop music go west'?
When did 'pop music go west'?
What was significant to LA?
What was significant to LA?
Who was Phil Spector?
Who was Phil Spector?
Describe Phil Spector.
Describe Phil Spector.
Who did Phil Spector understudy?
Who did Phil Spector understudy?
What was Spector known for?
What was Spector known for?
What does Spector create? When? Where?
What does Spector create? When? Where?
What was different about the Shangri-Las?
What was different about the Shangri-Las?
Who was Darlene Love?
Who was Darlene Love?
Who did Phil Spector not care about? What did he value?
Who did Phil Spector not care about? What did he value?
Describe the Wall of Sound (its characteristics).
Describe the Wall of Sound (its characteristics).
Describe the LA Pop Scene in the 60s. The Importance and the Aspects.
Describe the LA Pop Scene in the 60s. The Importance and the Aspects.
What is Bubble Gum Pop?
What is Bubble Gum Pop?
Who were The Monkees?
Who were The Monkees?
Where did Surf Culture come from?
Where did Surf Culture come from?
Describe Surf subculture.
Describe Surf subculture.
What are Bikini Movies? When were they being made? Give an example.
What are Bikini Movies? When were they being made? Give an example.
Describe Real Surf Music.
Describe Real Surf Music.
Name an artist of Real Surf Music.
Name an artist of Real Surf Music.
What did Dick Dale do?
What did Dick Dale do?
Who were the Beach Boys?
Who were the Beach Boys?
Describe the Beach Boys' (Brian Wilson's) formula.
Describe the Beach Boys' (Brian Wilson's) formula.
Who was a huge influence on Brian Wilson?
Who was a huge influence on Brian Wilson?
What was so huge about Pet Sounds?
What was so huge about Pet Sounds?
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Study Notes
End of Classic Rock and Roll
- Major figures like Carl Perkins (car accident), Little Richard (retirement), Elvis Presley (military service), Jerry Lee Lewis (personal scandal), Buddy Holly (plane crash), and Chuck Berry (imprisonment) marked the decline of classic rock and roll.
Backlash Against Rock Music
- White supremacist groups opposed rock music, promoting boycotts, burning records, and forming clubs such as "I Hate Elvis," highlighting a societal resistance to the genre.
Changes in American Music Industry
- Teen idols emerged as noncontroversial figures as major labels sought to regain control over the teenage music market in the 1960s.
- Focus shifted to appearance over talent, emphasizing a "Boy Next Door" image.
Characteristics of Teen Idols
- Teen idols were marketed for their looks rather than musical ability, characterized by clean-cut images.
- Major labels promoted wholesome artists to compete with the success of independent R&B and rock music.
Major Labels' Strategy
- Major labels either bought out independent artists' contracts or acquired smaller labels to establish dominance in the music industry, leading to the creation of the teen idol phenomenon.
Evolution of Pop Music
- Style leaned towards nonsexual themes with little rock influence, emphasizing orchestration over rhythm.
- Dance crazes and novelty tunes became popular forms of entertainment.
American Bandstand
- Hosted by Dick Clark, the show expanded nationally in 1957, becoming significant for promoting new artists.
- Philadelphia served as a pivotal location in the 1960s music industry.
Significance of American Bandstand
- Provided crucial exposure for new artists and solidified Philadelphia's position as a central hub for pop music and record labels.
Notable Teen Idol Artists
- Frankie Avalon, Paul Anka, Bobby Darin, Connie Francis, and Ricky Nelson exemplified the teen idol era.
Characteristics of Teen Idol Songs
- Songs typically featured minimal beats, lush orchestration, and safe romantic themes appealing to young audiences.
Television and Rock and Roll
- Rock artists featured on popular TV shows, including the Milton Berle Show, Ed Sullivan Show, and Steve Allen Show, which influenced public perception and reach of rock music.
Payola Scandal
- DJs engaged in payola, accepting payments from record labels for airtime, leading to ethical controversies in the music industry.
- Dick Clark distanced himself from payola issues, while Alan Freed faced legal consequences.
Dance Craze Example
- "The Twist" by Chubby Checker became the first single to top the charts twice since charting began.
Brill Building Pop
- Leiber and Stoller were key figures in creating "playlets," characterized by humorous lyrics and extensive orchestration.
Leiber and Stoller's Contribution
- Known for meticulous production and collaborations, including a significant hit with Elvis Presley.
Aldon Music's Role
- Created by Al Nevins and Dan Kirshner, Aldon Music became a replacement for Tin Pan Alley, signifying a shift in the music industry landscape.
Writing Teams of Aldon Music
- Notable pairs included Barry Mann/Cynthia Weil, Neil Sedaka/Howard Greenfield, and Carole King/Gerry Goffin, all recognized for their prolific compositions.
Successful Aldon Music Songs
- Hits include "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" by The Shirelles, "On Broadway" by The Drifters, and "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" by The Righteous Brothers.
Burt Bacharach and Hal David
- Influential songwriting duo who shaped pop music with Dionne Warwick as a primary artist, known for adult-themed lyrics and intricate melodies.
Pop Music Shift to the West Coast
- The 1960s saw the music business transition from the East Coast to Los Angeles, aligning with the rise of the Hollywood and television industries.
Phil Spector's Impact
- Renowned as one of the most influential producers, known for his innovative "Wall of Sound" technique.
Characteristics of the Wall of Sound
- Featured large instrumental arrangements, layered recordings, and distinctive reverb, resulting in a rich audio texture.
LA Pop Scene in the 60s
- Notable record labels included Capitol, Liberty, and Dot, with A&M Records emerging as a leading entity.
- Genres like Bubble Gum Pop gained traction.
Bubble Gum Pop Defined
- Characterized by simple, catchy melodies with little depth or lyrical meaning.
The Monkees
- A commercially successful group formed for a television show, known for their disconnect from actual music-making.
Surf Culture Origins
- Surf music and culture originated in Hawaii and spread to the West Coast, influencing music and lifestyle.
Real Surf Music Characteristics
- Defined by energetic instrumentals and a garage-band vibe, representing the raw essence of the surf subculture.
Dick Dale's Contribution
- Known as the pioneer of surf music, incorporated distinctive sounds reminiscent of Arabic music, using innovative amplification techniques.
Beach Boys' Formation
- Comprised brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, cousin Mike Love, and family friend Al Jardine, became icons of surf rock.
Brian Wilson's Musical Influence
- Inspired by Phil Spector, utilized intricate vocal harmonies and elaborate production in his songwriting.
Significance of "Pet Sounds"
- Considered a groundbreaking album that reflected introspective themes and innovation in pop music, drawing parallels with the Beatles' "Rubber Soul."
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