Challenges in the Industrial Revolution Era
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary objective of the book 'Indian Economic Development'?

  • To familiarize readers with the basic features of the Indian economy post-Independence (correct)
  • To examine the economic prospects of India without discussing its present state
  • To explore the economic past of India without focusing on the present state
  • To analyze the economic development of India without considering its past

What was the main objective of British colonial rule in India?

  • To promote India's economic independence
  • To develop India's modern industrial base
  • To encourage self-sufficiency and self-governance in India
  • To reduce India to a supplier of raw materials for Great Britain (correct)

What would have happened if the British Empire lost India?

  • The Empire would have continued to thrive
  • The Empire would have faced minor setbacks
  • The Empire's sun would have set (correct)
  • The Empire's dominance would not have been affected

Why is it important to understand India's economic past according to the text?

<p>To form an idea of the considerations that shaped India’s post-independence development strategy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the economic policies of the British government in colonial India?

<p>Promotion of British economic interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the agricultural sector in colonial India continue to experience stagnation and deterioration?

<p>Lack of government support and investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the British-India government on India's handicraft industries?

<p>Negatively contributing to their collapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the challenges faced by the Indian people under the colonial regime?

<p>Frequent natural calamities and famines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was emphasized as necessary to know and appreciate the level of development achieved during the post-independence period?

<p>An understanding of the economy before independence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What perception is mentioned in the text that requires an informed debate?

<p>'Did British administration benefit India?' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main source of livelihood for most people in India before the advent of British rule?

<p>Agriculture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which industry in Bengal had gained worldwide fame for its exquisite cotton textile?

<p>Cotton textiles industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muslin was considered the finest variety produced in Bengal?

<p>Malmal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India were more concerned with the protection and promotion of which country's economic interests?

<p>Britain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the colonial government transform the Indian economy into during their rule?

<p>Supplier of raw materials and consumer of finished industrial products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who among the notable estimators during the colonial period was considered to have very significant estimates of India's national and per capita income?

<p>Dadabhai Naoroji (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the growth rate of aggregate real output during the first half of the twentieth century in India?

<p>Around two percent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of India's population lived mostly in villages and derived livelihood directly or indirectly from agriculture during the British colonial rule?

<p>About 85% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Agricultural stagnation' refers to what kind of experience in India under the British colonial rule?

<p>Unusual deterioration in agricultural productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What product did seventeenth-century Bengal export in abundance according to the French traveler, Bernier?

<p>Cottons and silks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Bernier consider seventeenth-century Bengal to be richer than, based on his knowledge acquired during his visits?

<p>Egypt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did seventeenth-century Bengal have in profusion according to the French traveler, Bernier?

<p>Pigs and fowls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the decline of indigenous handicraft industries on the Indian consumer market?

<p>The demand for cheap manufactured goods from Britain increased. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the second half of the nineteenth century, where did modern industry initially take root in India?

<p>Western India (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which foreign company set up the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in India?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the initial areas of operation of the public sector in India's new industrial sector?

<p>Railways, power generation, communications, ports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Britain maintain control over in India's foreign trade during the colonial period?

<p>Exports and imports of a wide range of goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most important characteristic of India’s foreign trade throughout the colonial period?

<p>Generation of a large export surplus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where were the jute mills mainly concentrated in India during the second half of the nineteenth century?

<p>Bengal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Capital goods industry' refers to industries that produce:

<p>Machine tools used for producing consumer goods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the restrictive policies pursued by the colonial government on India’s foreign trade?

<p>Adversely affected the structure, composition and volume of India’s foreign trade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were India's main exports during the colonial period?

<p>Primary products such as raw silk, cotton, wool, sugar, indigo, jute etc. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Suez Canal on British control over India’s foreign trade?

<p>Further intensified British control over India’s foreign trade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did more than half of India’s foreign trade remain restricted to Britain during the colonial period?

<p>As a result of Britain maintaining a monopoly control over India’s exports and imports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the industrial sector before independence?

<p>Modernisation, diversification, and capacity building (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the orientation of foreign trade before independence?

<p>Feeding the Industrial Revolution in Britain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the prevalence of rampant poverty and unemployment require before independence?

<p>Welfare orientation of public economic policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of British colonial rule on the Indian economy?

<p>Low productivity in the agricultural sector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of developing inland trade and sea lanes during the colonial dispensation?

<p>To maintain law and order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Coast Canal on the Orissa coast prove uneconomical during the colonial era?

<p>It failed to compete with the railways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of introducing the expensive system of electric telegraph in India?

<p>Maintaining law and order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant drawback of the postal services during the colonial era?

<p>Serving an inadequate public purpose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Was the British Raj good for India?' - What is an appropriate conclusion after studying the text?

<p>'No, it focused more on British economic interests than on developing India' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'An understanding of the economy before independence is necessary to appreciate the level of development achieved during the post-independence period.' - What does this statement imply?

<p>'The pre-independence economy directly impacted the post-independence development' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary challenges faced by India's social and economic sectors before independence?

<p>Low agricultural productivity and surplus labour. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the economic policies of the British government concerned with during colonial rule?

<p>Protecting and promoting British economic interests over developing Indian economy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the share of workforce in the agricultural sector during the colonial period?

<p>70-75% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motive behind the development of infrastructure like railways and ports in colonial India?

<p>To subserve various colonial interests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the introduction of railways affect the Indian economy during colonial rule?

<p>It adversely affected the structure of Indian agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Coast Canal on the Orissa coast in terms of competition with the railways?

<p>It failed to compete with the railways and had to be abandoned (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the expensive system of electric telegraph in India during colonial rule?

<p>To serve the purpose of maintaining law and order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the British rule impact the agricultural sector in India by the time it gained independence?

<p>It led to surplus labor and low productivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of railways on long distance travel in India during colonial rule?

<p>It facilitated long distance travel and broke geographical and cultural barriers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the share of workforce in the manufacturing sector during colonial rule?

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant aspect of workforce variation under colonial rule?

<p>Decline in dependence on agriculture in some regions while an increase in others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the challenges faced by rural areas during colonial rule?

<p>Lack of modern transport infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector experienced a decline in workforce dependence in certain regions under colonial rule?

<p>Agricultural sector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main effects of the introduction of railways on Indian agriculture under colonial rule?

<p>Adverse impact on village economies' self-sufficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the stagnation in the agricultural sector during the colonial rule?

<p>Lack of technology and irrigation facilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the zamindari system, who benefited from the profit accruing out of the agriculture sector?

<p>Zamindars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motive of the colonial government's policy to de-industrialise India?

<p>To reduce India to a mere exporter of raw materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the zamindars' attitude have on the economic condition of the cultivators?

<p>Caused immense misery and social tension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did a large section of tenants, small farmers, and sharecroppers not invest in agriculture?

<p>Lack of incentive to invest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to the dismal level of agricultural productivity during the colonial rule?

<p>Lack of technology and irrigation facilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main interest of the zamindars under the zamindari system?

<p>Collecting rent regardless of economic condition of cultivators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the export surplus during the colonial rule not result in?

<p>Inflow of foreign investment into India (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Suez Canal, as described in the passage?

<p>To connect European or American ports with ports in South Asia, East Africa, and Oceania (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the literacy level in India during the colonial period, according to the passage?

<p>Less than 16 per cent overall, with negligible female literacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of public health facilities on the population during the colonial period?

<p>Facilities were either unavailable or highly inadequate, leading to rampant diseases and high mortality rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the mortality rate during the colonial period, particularly the infant mortality rate?

<p>Very high compared to the present rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the census in 1881 reveal about India's population growth?

<p>Unevenness in population growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the colonial period, what characterized the occupational structure of India?

<p>Little sign of change, with the agricultural sector accounting for a large portion of working persons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were water and air-borne diseases rampant during the colonial period?

<p>Due to inadequate public health facilities and clean water sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of collecting demographic data through the census?

<p>To reveal the unevenness in India’s population growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major impact of opening the Suez Canal in 1869 on transportation?

<p>Reduced transportation cost and made access to the Indian market easier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized India's overall mortality rate during the colonial period?

<p>Very high compared to present rates, particularly for infant mortality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was revealed about social development indicators during the second stage of demographic transition after 1921?

<p>Lack of significant improvements in social development indicators such as literacy and public health facilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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