Challenges in the Industrial Revolution Era

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What was the primary objective of the book 'Indian Economic Development'?

To familiarize readers with the basic features of the Indian economy post-Independence (correct)

To examine the economic prospects of India without discussing its present state

To explore the economic past of India without focusing on the present state

To analyze the economic development of India without considering its past

What was the main objective of British colonial rule in India?

To promote India's economic independence

To develop India's modern industrial base

To encourage self-sufficiency and self-governance in India

To reduce India to a supplier of raw materials for Great Britain (correct)

What would have happened if the British Empire lost India?

The Empire would have continued to thrive

The Empire would have faced minor setbacks

The Empire's sun would have set (correct)

The Empire's dominance would not have been affected

Why is it important to understand India's economic past according to the text?

To form an idea of the considerations that shaped India’s post-independence development strategy Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the economic policies of the British government in colonial India?

Promotion of British economic interests Signup and view all the answers

Why did the agricultural sector in colonial India continue to experience stagnation and deterioration?

Lack of government support and investment Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the British-India government on India's handicraft industries?

Negatively contributing to their collapse Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the challenges faced by the Indian people under the colonial regime?

Frequent natural calamities and famines Signup and view all the answers

What was emphasized as necessary to know and appreciate the level of development achieved during the post-independence period?

An understanding of the economy before independence Signup and view all the answers

What perception is mentioned in the text that requires an informed debate?

'Did British administration benefit India?' Signup and view all the answers

What was the main source of livelihood for most people in India before the advent of British rule?

Agriculture Signup and view all the answers

Which industry in Bengal had gained worldwide fame for its exquisite cotton textile?

Cotton textiles industry Signup and view all the answers

What type of muslin was considered the finest variety produced in Bengal?

Malmal Signup and view all the answers

The economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India were more concerned with the protection and promotion of which country's economic interests?

Britain Signup and view all the answers

What did the colonial government transform the Indian economy into during their rule?

Supplier of raw materials and consumer of finished industrial products Signup and view all the answers

Who among the notable estimators during the colonial period was considered to have very significant estimates of India's national and per capita income?

Dadabhai Naoroji Signup and view all the answers

What was the growth rate of aggregate real output during the first half of the twentieth century in India?

Around two percent Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of India's population lived mostly in villages and derived livelihood directly or indirectly from agriculture during the British colonial rule?

About 85% Signup and view all the answers

'Agricultural stagnation' refers to what kind of experience in India under the British colonial rule?

Unusual deterioration in agricultural productivity Signup and view all the answers

What product did seventeenth-century Bengal export in abundance according to the French traveler, Bernier?

Cottons and silks Signup and view all the answers

What did Bernier consider seventeenth-century Bengal to be richer than, based on his knowledge acquired during his visits?

Egypt Signup and view all the answers

What did seventeenth-century Bengal have in profusion according to the French traveler, Bernier?

Pigs and fowls Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the decline of indigenous handicraft industries on the Indian consumer market?

The demand for cheap manufactured goods from Britain increased. Signup and view all the answers

During the second half of the nineteenth century, where did modern industry initially take root in India?

Western India Signup and view all the answers

Which foreign company set up the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in India?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What were the initial areas of operation of the public sector in India's new industrial sector?

Railways, power generation, communications, ports Signup and view all the answers

What did Britain maintain control over in India's foreign trade during the colonial period?

Exports and imports of a wide range of goods Signup and view all the answers

What was the most important characteristic of India’s foreign trade throughout the colonial period?

Generation of a large export surplus Signup and view all the answers

Where were the jute mills mainly concentrated in India during the second half of the nineteenth century?

Bengal Signup and view all the answers

'Capital goods industry' refers to industries that produce:

Machine tools used for producing consumer goods Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the restrictive policies pursued by the colonial government on India’s foreign trade?

Adversely affected the structure, composition and volume of India’s foreign trade Signup and view all the answers

What were India's main exports during the colonial period?

Primary products such as raw silk, cotton, wool, sugar, indigo, jute etc. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Suez Canal on British control over India’s foreign trade?

Further intensified British control over India’s foreign trade Signup and view all the answers

Why did more than half of India’s foreign trade remain restricted to Britain during the colonial period?

As a result of Britain maintaining a monopoly control over India’s exports and imports Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the industrial sector before independence?

Modernisation, diversification, and capacity building Signup and view all the answers

What was the orientation of foreign trade before independence?

Feeding the Industrial Revolution in Britain Signup and view all the answers

What did the prevalence of rampant poverty and unemployment require before independence?

Welfare orientation of public economic policy Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of British colonial rule on the Indian economy?

Low productivity in the agricultural sector Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of developing inland trade and sea lanes during the colonial dispensation?

To maintain law and order Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Coast Canal on the Orissa coast prove uneconomical during the colonial era?

It failed to compete with the railways Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of introducing the expensive system of electric telegraph in India?

Maintaining law and order Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant drawback of the postal services during the colonial era?

Serving an inadequate public purpose Signup and view all the answers

'Was the British Raj good for India?' - What is an appropriate conclusion after studying the text?

'No, it focused more on British economic interests than on developing India' Signup and view all the answers

'An understanding of the economy before independence is necessary to appreciate the level of development achieved during the post-independence period.' - What does this statement imply?

'The pre-independence economy directly impacted the post-independence development' Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary challenges faced by India's social and economic sectors before independence?

Low agricultural productivity and surplus labour. Signup and view all the answers

What were the economic policies of the British government concerned with during colonial rule?

Protecting and promoting British economic interests over developing Indian economy. Signup and view all the answers

What was the share of workforce in the agricultural sector during the colonial period?

70-75% Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motive behind the development of infrastructure like railways and ports in colonial India?

To subserve various colonial interests Signup and view all the answers

How did the introduction of railways affect the Indian economy during colonial rule?

It adversely affected the structure of Indian agriculture Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Coast Canal on the Orissa coast in terms of competition with the railways?

It failed to compete with the railways and had to be abandoned Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the expensive system of electric telegraph in India during colonial rule?

To serve the purpose of maintaining law and order Signup and view all the answers

How did the British rule impact the agricultural sector in India by the time it gained independence?

It led to surplus labor and low productivity Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of railways on long distance travel in India during colonial rule?

It facilitated long distance travel and broke geographical and cultural barriers Signup and view all the answers

What was the share of workforce in the manufacturing sector during colonial rule?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant aspect of workforce variation under colonial rule?

Decline in dependence on agriculture in some regions while an increase in others Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the challenges faced by rural areas during colonial rule?

Lack of modern transport infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Which sector experienced a decline in workforce dependence in certain regions under colonial rule?

Agricultural sector Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main effects of the introduction of railways on Indian agriculture under colonial rule?

Adverse impact on village economies' self-sufficiency Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the stagnation in the agricultural sector during the colonial rule?

Lack of technology and irrigation facilities Signup and view all the answers

Under the zamindari system, who benefited from the profit accruing out of the agriculture sector?

Zamindars Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motive of the colonial government's policy to de-industrialise India?

To reduce India to a mere exporter of raw materials Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the zamindars' attitude have on the economic condition of the cultivators?

Caused immense misery and social tension Signup and view all the answers

Why did a large section of tenants, small farmers, and sharecroppers not invest in agriculture?

Lack of incentive to invest Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to the dismal level of agricultural productivity during the colonial rule?

Lack of technology and irrigation facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the main interest of the zamindars under the zamindari system?

Collecting rent regardless of economic condition of cultivators Signup and view all the answers

What did the export surplus during the colonial rule not result in?

Inflow of foreign investment into India Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Suez Canal, as described in the passage?

To connect European or American ports with ports in South Asia, East Africa, and Oceania Signup and view all the answers

What was the literacy level in India during the colonial period, according to the passage?

Less than 16 per cent overall, with negligible female literacy Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of public health facilities on the population during the colonial period?

Facilities were either unavailable or highly inadequate, leading to rampant diseases and high mortality rate Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the mortality rate during the colonial period, particularly the infant mortality rate?

Very high compared to the present rates Signup and view all the answers

What did the census in 1881 reveal about India's population growth?

Unevenness in population growth Signup and view all the answers

During the colonial period, what characterized the occupational structure of India?

Little sign of change, with the agricultural sector accounting for a large portion of working persons Signup and view all the answers

Why were water and air-borne diseases rampant during the colonial period?

Due to inadequate public health facilities and clean water sources Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of collecting demographic data through the census?

To reveal the unevenness in India’s population growth Signup and view all the answers

What was one major impact of opening the Suez Canal in 1869 on transportation?

Reduced transportation cost and made access to the Indian market easier Signup and view all the answers

What characterized India's overall mortality rate during the colonial period?

Very high compared to present rates, particularly for infant mortality Signup and view all the answers

What was revealed about social development indicators during the second stage of demographic transition after 1921?

Lack of significant improvements in social development indicators such as literacy and public health facilities Signup and view all the answers

Challenges in the Industrial Revolution Era

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary objective of the book 'Indian Economic Development'?

What was the main objective of British colonial rule in India?

What would have happened if the British Empire lost India?

Why is it important to understand India's economic past according to the text?

What was the main focus of the economic policies of the British government in colonial India?

Why did the agricultural sector in colonial India continue to experience stagnation and deterioration?

What was the impact of the British-India government on India's handicraft industries?

What were some of the challenges faced by the Indian people under the colonial regime?

What was emphasized as necessary to know and appreciate the level of development achieved during the post-independence period?

What perception is mentioned in the text that requires an informed debate?

What was the main source of livelihood for most people in India before the advent of British rule?

Which industry in Bengal had gained worldwide fame for its exquisite cotton textile?

What type of muslin was considered the finest variety produced in Bengal?

The economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India were more concerned with the protection and promotion of which country's economic interests?

What did the colonial government transform the Indian economy into during their rule?

Who among the notable estimators during the colonial period was considered to have very significant estimates of India's national and per capita income?

What was the growth rate of aggregate real output during the first half of the twentieth century in India?

What percentage of India's population lived mostly in villages and derived livelihood directly or indirectly from agriculture during the British colonial rule?

'Agricultural stagnation' refers to what kind of experience in India under the British colonial rule?

What product did seventeenth-century Bengal export in abundance according to the French traveler, Bernier?

What did Bernier consider seventeenth-century Bengal to be richer than, based on his knowledge acquired during his visits?

What did seventeenth-century Bengal have in profusion according to the French traveler, Bernier?

What was the impact of the decline of indigenous handicraft industries on the Indian consumer market?

During the second half of the nineteenth century, where did modern industry initially take root in India?

Which foreign company set up the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in India?

What were the initial areas of operation of the public sector in India's new industrial sector?

What did Britain maintain control over in India's foreign trade during the colonial period?

What was the most important characteristic of India’s foreign trade throughout the colonial period?

Where were the jute mills mainly concentrated in India during the second half of the nineteenth century?

'Capital goods industry' refers to industries that produce:

What was the impact of the restrictive policies pursued by the colonial government on India’s foreign trade?

What were India's main exports during the colonial period?

What was the impact of the Suez Canal on British control over India’s foreign trade?

Why did more than half of India’s foreign trade remain restricted to Britain during the colonial period?

What was the primary focus of the industrial sector before independence?

What was the orientation of foreign trade before independence?

What did the prevalence of rampant poverty and unemployment require before independence?

What was the impact of British colonial rule on the Indian economy?

What was the primary purpose of developing inland trade and sea lanes during the colonial dispensation?

Why did the Coast Canal on the Orissa coast prove uneconomical during the colonial era?

What was the impact of introducing the expensive system of electric telegraph in India?

What was a significant drawback of the postal services during the colonial era?

'Was the British Raj good for India?' - What is an appropriate conclusion after studying the text?

'An understanding of the economy before independence is necessary to appreciate the level of development achieved during the post-independence period.' - What does this statement imply?

What were the primary challenges faced by India's social and economic sectors before independence?

What were the economic policies of the British government concerned with during colonial rule?

What was the share of workforce in the agricultural sector during the colonial period?

What was the primary motive behind the development of infrastructure like railways and ports in colonial India?

How did the introduction of railways affect the Indian economy during colonial rule?

What was the outcome of the Coast Canal on the Orissa coast in terms of competition with the railways?

What was the main purpose of the expensive system of electric telegraph in India during colonial rule?

How did the British rule impact the agricultural sector in India by the time it gained independence?

What was the impact of railways on long distance travel in India during colonial rule?

What was the share of workforce in the manufacturing sector during colonial rule?

What was a significant aspect of workforce variation under colonial rule?

What were some of the challenges faced by rural areas during colonial rule?

Which sector experienced a decline in workforce dependence in certain regions under colonial rule?

What was one of the main effects of the introduction of railways on Indian agriculture under colonial rule?

What was the main reason for the stagnation in the agricultural sector during the colonial rule?

Under the zamindari system, who benefited from the profit accruing out of the agriculture sector?

What was the primary motive of the colonial government's policy to de-industrialise India?

What effect did the zamindars' attitude have on the economic condition of the cultivators?

Why did a large section of tenants, small farmers, and sharecroppers not invest in agriculture?

What contributed to the dismal level of agricultural productivity during the colonial rule?

What was the main interest of the zamindars under the zamindari system?

What did the export surplus during the colonial rule not result in?

What was the purpose of the Suez Canal, as described in the passage?

What was the literacy level in India during the colonial period, according to the passage?

What was the impact of public health facilities on the population during the colonial period?

What characterized the mortality rate during the colonial period, particularly the infant mortality rate?

What did the census in 1881 reveal about India's population growth?

During the colonial period, what characterized the occupational structure of India?

Why were water and air-borne diseases rampant during the colonial period?

What was the primary purpose of collecting demographic data through the census?

What was one major impact of opening the Suez Canal in 1869 on transportation?

What characterized India's overall mortality rate during the colonial period?