Challenges in Earth's Soil and Food Production

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What percentage of global food production must increase by 2050 according to the text?

60%

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge related to Earth's soil?

Forest preservation

Which type of gardens are mentioned in the text as part of urban food systems?

Victory gardens

Which of the following is NOT a soil physical property mentioned in the text?

<p>Soil contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of human-induced soil problems according to the text?

<p>Salinisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of soil degradation according to the text?

<p>Decline in soil productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected range for the global average temperature rise over the next 100 years?

<p>1.1 to 11.5 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which greenhouse gas is a major contributor to climate change?

<p>Carbon dioxide (CO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of global energy demand that agriculture accounts for?

<p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glacier in Alaska had a significant melting period from the 1940s to 2005?

<p>Pedersen Glacier</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the environmental effects of biofuels versus food crops?

<p>Largely unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to climate change, what role do soils play as a buffer?

<p>Act as a buffer for extreme weather events</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities for greenhouse gas emissions according to the text?

<p>Deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental issue is linked to the drying of Lake Poopo in Bolivia as mentioned in the text?

<p>Desertification</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do soils play in urban areas according to the text?

<p>Treating water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is associated with the flooding of the Mississippi River in March 2016?

<p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in global average temperature over the last 100 years, as per the text?

<p>Rise by 1.4 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many of the warmest years on record have occurred in the past 35 years according to the text?

<p>15 out of 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor responsible for the rise in global average temperature according to the text?

<p>'Greenhouse' gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be the effects of malnutrition and undernourishment mentioned in the text?

<p>Thin body and poor energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue may result from low yield due to lack of inputs as discussed in the text?

<p>Lower income levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT mentioned as part of Indigenous soil knowledge in the text?

<p>Soil contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges associated with soil mentioned in the text?

<p>Low productivity due to degraded soil health</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people are particularly vulnerable to undernourishment as per the text?

<p>Those with low income levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of population growth with a high percentage of people under 20 years old according to the text?

<p>Increased demand for educational resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the text?

<p>The relationship between soil and human societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the soil types mentioned in the text?

<p>Sand and clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the mention of 'Indigenous soil knowledge' located in the text?

<p>End of the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of soils is NOT directly discussed in the text?

<p>Soil erosion prevention techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cultural connection is highlighted in the text regarding soils?

<p>The use of soil for building bricks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of Streptomycin, an antibiotic that has its origin in the soil?

<p>Selman Waksman</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what field do 40% of prescription drugs and 60% of cancer drugs have their origin according to the text?

<p>Medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artist painted 'The fall of Icarus', a famous work depicting a mythological scene?

<p>Pieter Bruegel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artistic movement is associated with Asher Brown Durand and Thomas Cole according to the text?

<p>The Hudson River School</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common theme is mentioned in relation to soils in language, literature, movies, sculptures, and paintings in the text?

<p>Earth's geological history</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of 40% of prescription drugs and 60% of cancer drugs according to the text?

<p>Soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the text?

<p>The relationship between soils and diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the text mention red clay and red brick?

<p>In Tanzania</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two soil types are repeatedly mentioned towards the end of the text?

<p>Sand clay and sand clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of soil knowledge systems is highlighted in the text?

<p>Indigenous soil knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which location is associated with yellow clay and yellow brick?

<p>The Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for discovering Streptomycin, an antibiotic with its origin in the soil?

<p>Selman Waksman</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source for 40% of prescription drugs and 60% of cancer drugs, as highlighted in the text?

<p>Earth's soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of artwork by Pieter Bruegel is referenced in the text?

<p>The fall of Icarus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant connection is NOT discussed in the text regarding soils?

<p>Music</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artist from the Hudson River School movement is known for their artwork related to nature?

<p>Asher Brown Durand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of malnutrition and undernourishment mentioned in the text?

<p>Short height and thin body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might low yield due to lack of inputs lead to low income?

<p>Decreased productivity which in turn affects income</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be an example of insufficient food intake related to malnutrition as per the text?

<p>Consuming foods lacking essential vitamins and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do soils indirectly impact health according to the text?

<p>By affecting food production and nutritional quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of population growth with a high percentage of people under 20 years old as mentioned in the text?

<p>Increased pressure on food resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the state of 800 million hungry people mentioned in the text?

<p>Undernourished</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the text?

<p>Exploring the cultural connections and significance of soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which country are red clay and red brick mentioned in the text?

<p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge systems are discussed in the text related to soil and land?

<p>Indigenous soil knowledge systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of soil is associated with the Netherlands in the text?

<p>Sand clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text connect soil to people?

<p>Through highlighting cultural connections and food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Earth's soil in the development of prescription drugs and cancer drugs?

<p>40% of prescription drugs &amp; 60% of cancer drugs have their origin in the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the scientist credited with the discovery of Streptomycin, an antibiotic sourced from the soil?

<p>Selman Waksman</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artistic movement is associated with Asher Brown Durand and Thomas Cole, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Hudson River School</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one cultural connection highlighted in the text regarding soils?

<p>Soils in culinary arts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What famous artwork by Pieter Bruegel is referenced in the text?

<p>'The fall of Icarus'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme mentioned in the text regarding soils and culture?

<p>Soils in language</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some effects of malnutrition and undernourishment as mentioned in the text?

<p>Swollen legs and abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insufficient food intake related to malnutrition manifest according to the text?

<p>Short height</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a challenge due to low yield with no inputs in the text?

<p>Low income</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of soils is indirectly impacted by insufficient food, hunger, and malnutrition according to the text?

<p>Soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population group is particularly vulnerable to undernourishment based on the text?

<p>People under 20 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the impacts of low yield due to lack of inputs on income according to the text?

<p>&quot;Low income&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of soil is highlighted in the text as both natural and social science?

<p>Indigenous soil knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color of clay and brick is associated with Tanzania in the text?

<p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of soil is mentioned in association with the Netherlands?

<p>Sand clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of knowledge systems regarding soil are discussed in the text?

<p>Indigenous and modern</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a significant role in the text as a factor in understanding soils and people?

<p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of malnutrition and undernourishment mentioned in the text?

<p>Swollen legs and abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are soils indirectly linked to insufficient food and hunger according to the text?

<p>By affecting crop yields which can cause food shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connection does the text draw between low yield due to lack of inputs and low income?

<p>Low yield due to insufficient inputs results in decreased agricultural income</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people is particularly vulnerable to undernourishment as per the text?

<p>Children under 20 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

What soil-related challenge is NOT mentioned in the text?

<p>Soil fertility improvement techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of food intake may be an example of insufficient food related to malnutrition according to the text?

<p>Limited calorie intake with essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of soil in the development of prescription drugs and cancer drugs?

<p>It contributes to 40% of prescription drugs and 60% of cancer drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered Streptomycin, an antibiotic sourced from the soil?

<p>Selman Waksman</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Hudson River School artistic movement as mentioned in the text?

<p>Nature and landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artist created 'Riverbank, 1971-1972' as referenced in the text?

<p>Arthur Boyd</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect does soil indirectly impact health according to the text?

<p>Aiding in drug discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the connections discussed in the text regarding soils?

<p>Soils in architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Oxisols mentioned in the text?

<p>Low pH - acid soils</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are soils in the tropics different from those in temperate regions in terms of age?

<p>Soils in the tropics are older</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to soil fertility in the tropics mentioned in the text?

<p>Slash and burn agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a result of intense weathering in tropical soils?

<p>Development of acidic soils</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does recent glaciation and wind erosion have on temperate soils?

<p>Affects soil fertility negatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do tropical soils often have different soil types compared to other regions?

<p>Intense weathering over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jacks and Whyte emphasize about soil fertility in the tropics?

<p>It is uniformly low and easily lost by cultivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were yields disappointingly low when crops were planted after cutting forests in the humid tropics?

<p>Because soil fertility in the tropics is uniformly low</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Paul Gauguin mean by '…so little was known' as mentioned in the text?

<p>About tropical soils</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are tropical soils often perceived as inherently different from soils in other regions?

<p>As a result of their low and easily degradable fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the early years, what was emphasized about soil fertility in tropical regions?

<p>Its susceptibility to degradation by cultivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are soils of the humid tropics often perceived as rich in humus?

<p>Due to abundant vegetation supplying plant material</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about tropical soils mentioned in the text?

<p>Tropical soils lose fertility easily and are uniformly low in fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jacks and Whyte emphasize regarding soil fertility in the tropics?

<p>Easily lost soil fertility in the tropics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were yields disappointingly low when crops were planted after cutting forests in the humid tropics?

<p>Lack of nutrients in the soil due to rapid leaching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Oxisols mentioned in the text?

<p>Deeply weathered and highly oxidized soil material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Oxisols typically described compared to other soil types?

<p>Deeply weathered and highly oxidized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common practice that leads to soil fertility maintenance mentioned in the text?

<p>Crop rotation and cover cropping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agricultural practice involves cutting down vegetation, burning it, and then cultivating crops on the land?

<p>&quot;Slash and burn&quot; agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Oxisols mentioned in the text?

<p>Low pH - acid soils</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Oxisols most extensively found?

<p>Africa and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common practice in maintaining soil fertility through shifting cultivation?

<p>Slash the forest, burn, and plant crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of agriculture involves inputs like manure, inorganic fertilizers, compost, and lime for maintaining soil fertility?

<p>Permanent agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of maintaining soil fertility, what is the primary purpose of leaving the land fallow after cultivation?

<p>To allow the soil to rest and regenerate nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agricultural method includes the practice of slash and burn agriculture?

<p>Subsistence agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inputs are typically needed for permanent agriculture to maintain soil fertility?

<p>Manure, inorganic fertilizers, compost, and lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does slash and burn agriculture involve leaving the land fallow after cultivation?

<p>To allow the soil to recover and restore nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge associated with relying solely on slash and burn agriculture for maintaining soil fertility?

<p>Decline in soil fertility over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inputs are NOT typically used in permanent agriculture to maintain soil fertility?

<p>No inputs needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

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