Challenges in Earth's Soil and Food Production
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of global food production must increase by 2050 according to the text?

  • 80%
  • 60% (correct)
  • 100%
  • 40%

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge related to Earth's soil?

  • Climate change
  • Forest preservation (correct)
  • Produce enough food
  • Water quality and quantity

    • Which type of gardens are mentioned in the text as part of urban food systems?

  • Desert gardens
  • Mountain gardens
  • Submarine gardens
  • Victory gardens (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a soil physical property mentioned in the text?

    <p>Soil contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of human-induced soil problems according to the text?

    <p>Salinisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of soil degradation according to the text?

    <p>Decline in soil productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected range for the global average temperature rise over the next 100 years?

    <p>1.1 to 11.5 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which greenhouse gas is a major contributor to climate change?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (CO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of global energy demand that agriculture accounts for?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glacier in Alaska had a significant melting period from the 1940s to 2005?

    <p>Pedersen Glacier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the environmental effects of biofuels versus food crops?

    <p>Largely unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to climate change, what role do soils play as a buffer?

    <p>Act as a buffer for extreme weather events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary responsibilities for greenhouse gas emissions according to the text?

    <p>Deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental issue is linked to the drying of Lake Poopo in Bolivia as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Desertification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do soils play in urban areas according to the text?

    <p>Treating water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon is associated with the flooding of the Mississippi River in March 2016?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been the trend in global average temperature over the last 100 years, as per the text?

    <p>Rise by 1.4 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of the warmest years on record have occurred in the past 35 years according to the text?

    <p>15 out of 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary factor responsible for the rise in global average temperature according to the text?

    <p>'Greenhouse' gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be the effects of malnutrition and undernourishment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Thin body and poor energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue may result from low yield due to lack of inputs as discussed in the text?

    <p>Lower income levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT mentioned as part of Indigenous soil knowledge in the text?

    <p>Soil contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges associated with soil mentioned in the text?

    <p>Low productivity due to degraded soil health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of people are particularly vulnerable to undernourishment as per the text?

    <p>Those with low income levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of population growth with a high percentage of people under 20 years old according to the text?

    <p>Increased demand for educational resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the text?

    <p>The relationship between soil and human societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the soil types mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sand and clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the mention of 'Indigenous soil knowledge' located in the text?

    <p>End of the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of soils is NOT directly discussed in the text?

    <p>Soil erosion prevention techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural connection is highlighted in the text regarding soils?

    <p>The use of soil for building bricks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is credited with the discovery of Streptomycin, an antibiotic that has its origin in the soil?

    <p>Selman Waksman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what field do 40% of prescription drugs and 60% of cancer drugs have their origin according to the text?

    <p>Medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist painted 'The fall of Icarus', a famous work depicting a mythological scene?

    <p>Pieter Bruegel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artistic movement is associated with Asher Brown Durand and Thomas Cole according to the text?

    <p>The Hudson River School</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common theme is mentioned in relation to soils in language, literature, movies, sculptures, and paintings in the text?

    <p>Earth's geological history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of 40% of prescription drugs and 60% of cancer drugs according to the text?

    <p>Soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the text?

    <p>The relationship between soils and diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the text mention red clay and red brick?

    <p>In Tanzania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two soil types are repeatedly mentioned towards the end of the text?

    <p>Sand clay and sand clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of soil knowledge systems is highlighted in the text?

    <p>Indigenous soil knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is associated with yellow clay and yellow brick?

    <p>The Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for discovering Streptomycin, an antibiotic with its origin in the soil?

    <p>Selman Waksman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source for 40% of prescription drugs and 60% of cancer drugs, as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Earth's soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of artwork by Pieter Bruegel is referenced in the text?

    <p>The fall of Icarus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant connection is NOT discussed in the text regarding soils?

    <p>Music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist from the Hudson River School movement is known for their artwork related to nature?

    <p>Asher Brown Durand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of malnutrition and undernourishment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Short height and thin body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might low yield due to lack of inputs lead to low income?

    <p>Decreased productivity which in turn affects income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be an example of insufficient food intake related to malnutrition as per the text?

    <p>Consuming foods lacking essential vitamins and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do soils indirectly impact health according to the text?

    <p>By affecting food production and nutritional quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of population growth with a high percentage of people under 20 years old as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Increased pressure on food resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the state of 800 million hungry people mentioned in the text?

    <p>Undernourished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the text?

    <p>Exploring the cultural connections and significance of soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country are red clay and red brick mentioned in the text?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of knowledge systems are discussed in the text related to soil and land?

    <p>Indigenous soil knowledge systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of soil is associated with the Netherlands in the text?

    <p>Sand clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text connect soil to people?

    <p>Through highlighting cultural connections and food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Earth's soil in the development of prescription drugs and cancer drugs?

    <p>40% of prescription drugs &amp; 60% of cancer drugs have their origin in the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the scientist credited with the discovery of Streptomycin, an antibiotic sourced from the soil?

    <p>Selman Waksman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artistic movement is associated with Asher Brown Durand and Thomas Cole, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hudson River School</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one cultural connection highlighted in the text regarding soils?

    <p>Soils in culinary arts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What famous artwork by Pieter Bruegel is referenced in the text?

    <p>'The fall of Icarus'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common theme mentioned in the text regarding soils and culture?

    <p>Soils in language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some effects of malnutrition and undernourishment as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Swollen legs and abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does insufficient food intake related to malnutrition manifest according to the text?

    <p>Short height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a challenge due to low yield with no inputs in the text?

    <p>Low income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of soils is indirectly impacted by insufficient food, hunger, and malnutrition according to the text?

    <p>Soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population group is particularly vulnerable to undernourishment based on the text?

    <p>People under 20 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the impacts of low yield due to lack of inputs on income according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Low income&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of soil is highlighted in the text as both natural and social science?

    <p>Indigenous soil knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color of clay and brick is associated with Tanzania in the text?

    <p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of soil is mentioned in association with the Netherlands?

    <p>Sand clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of knowledge systems regarding soil are discussed in the text?

    <p>Indigenous and modern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in the text as a factor in understanding soils and people?

    <p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of malnutrition and undernourishment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Swollen legs and abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are soils indirectly linked to insufficient food and hunger according to the text?

    <p>By affecting crop yields which can cause food shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connection does the text draw between low yield due to lack of inputs and low income?

    <p>Low yield due to insufficient inputs results in decreased agricultural income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of people is particularly vulnerable to undernourishment as per the text?

    <p>Children under 20 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What soil-related challenge is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Soil fertility improvement techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of food intake may be an example of insufficient food related to malnutrition according to the text?

    <p>Limited calorie intake with essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of soil in the development of prescription drugs and cancer drugs?

    <p>It contributes to 40% of prescription drugs and 60% of cancer drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered Streptomycin, an antibiotic sourced from the soil?

    <p>Selman Waksman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Hudson River School artistic movement as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Nature and landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist created 'Riverbank, 1971-1972' as referenced in the text?

    <p>Arthur Boyd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect does soil indirectly impact health according to the text?

    <p>Aiding in drug discovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the connections discussed in the text regarding soils?

    <p>Soils in architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Oxisols mentioned in the text?

    <p>Low pH - acid soils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are soils in the tropics different from those in temperate regions in terms of age?

    <p>Soils in the tropics are older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor contributing to soil fertility in the tropics mentioned in the text?

    <p>Slash and burn agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of intense weathering in tropical soils?

    <p>Development of acidic soils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does recent glaciation and wind erosion have on temperate soils?

    <p>Affects soil fertility negatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do tropical soils often have different soil types compared to other regions?

    <p>Intense weathering over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jacks and Whyte emphasize about soil fertility in the tropics?

    <p>It is uniformly low and easily lost by cultivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were yields disappointingly low when crops were planted after cutting forests in the humid tropics?

    <p>Because soil fertility in the tropics is uniformly low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Paul Gauguin mean by '…so little was known' as mentioned in the text?

    <p>About tropical soils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are tropical soils often perceived as inherently different from soils in other regions?

    <p>As a result of their low and easily degradable fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the early years, what was emphasized about soil fertility in tropical regions?

    <p>Its susceptibility to degradation by cultivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are soils of the humid tropics often perceived as rich in humus?

    <p>Due to abundant vegetation supplying plant material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about tropical soils mentioned in the text?

    <p>Tropical soils lose fertility easily and are uniformly low in fertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jacks and Whyte emphasize regarding soil fertility in the tropics?

    <p>Easily lost soil fertility in the tropics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were yields disappointingly low when crops were planted after cutting forests in the humid tropics?

    <p>Lack of nutrients in the soil due to rapid leaching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Oxisols mentioned in the text?

    <p>Deeply weathered and highly oxidized soil material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Oxisols typically described compared to other soil types?

    <p>Deeply weathered and highly oxidized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common practice that leads to soil fertility maintenance mentioned in the text?

    <p>Crop rotation and cover cropping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agricultural practice involves cutting down vegetation, burning it, and then cultivating crops on the land?

    <p>&quot;Slash and burn&quot; agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Oxisols mentioned in the text?

    <p>Low pH - acid soils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Oxisols most extensively found?

    <p>Africa and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common practice in maintaining soil fertility through shifting cultivation?

    <p>Slash the forest, burn, and plant crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agriculture involves inputs like manure, inorganic fertilizers, compost, and lime for maintaining soil fertility?

    <p>Permanent agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of maintaining soil fertility, what is the primary purpose of leaving the land fallow after cultivation?

    <p>To allow the soil to rest and regenerate nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agricultural method includes the practice of slash and burn agriculture?

    <p>Subsistence agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inputs are typically needed for permanent agriculture to maintain soil fertility?

    <p>Manure, inorganic fertilizers, compost, and lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does slash and burn agriculture involve leaving the land fallow after cultivation?

    <p>To allow the soil to recover and restore nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with relying solely on slash and burn agriculture for maintaining soil fertility?

    <p>Decline in soil fertility over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inputs are NOT typically used in permanent agriculture to maintain soil fertility?

    <p>No inputs needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

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