Challenges in Cosmology and Thermodynamics Quiz

The Problem with the Second Law of Thermodynamics

• Asimov acknowledges a problem with the second law of thermodynamics but assumes the primeval cosmic egg was highly ordered.
• The existence of a highly ordered cosmic egg without an "orderer" presents a paradox.
• Asimov postulates a naturalistic ordering agent due to his rejection of a supernatural cause of order.
• Asimov and other modern cosmogonists assume the second law of thermodynamics was reversed before the big bang, leading to an eternally oscillating universe.
• The notion of an eternally oscillating universe is speculative and lacks scientific proof.
• The force of gravity is insufficient to cause the galaxies to come together in a gravitational collapse.
• Asimov disregards the problem of insufficient mass to support a gravitational collapse.
• Asimov's rejection of overwhelming evidence for the universe's creation by God is based on a "hunch" about the "missing mass."
• The Humanist Manifesto regards the universe as self-existing and not created, and man as a part of nature that has emerged through continuous processes.
• An influential Harvard biologist expresses the philosophy that matter has the inherent capacity to form itself into existence without external imposition.
• The consistent evolutionist replaces God with self-existent and self-organizing matter, despite the law of increasing disorder in the universe.
• The rejection of a higher intelligence as an explanation for organized complexity is considered scientific, according to the Oxford University zoology professor.

Problems with the Big Bang Theory and Other Cosmological Speculations

• The big bang theory starts with an infinitesimal particle of space-time and has encountered many difficulties, leading to frequent modifications and extensions.
• The "inflationary hypothesis" proposed by Alan Guth in the 1980s is now widely accepted, suggesting rapid inflation of the primeval universe to the size of a grapefruit in 10-35 seconds.
• The concept of the universe evolving from essentially nothing at all, referred to as the "ultimate free lunch" by Guth, is based on quantum fluctuations from the inflationary era.
• There is no proof that inflation is correct, and distinct versions of the theory have proliferated, leading to uncertainty and numerous modifications.
• Other cosmological speculations include the theory of multiple universes generating other universes and the "string theory" with 10 or 11 dimensions of space, lacking observational evidence to support them.
• Modern cosmo-philosophy involves strange fantasyland speculations such as curved space, time reversals, antimatter, and quarks, derived from relativistic mathematics, with controversy over their physical reality.
• These speculations are outside the realm of experimental study and have no connection to biblical cosmogony.
• The straightforward biblical record of cosmic creation can be accepted in its most natural and literal sense, with the real facts of physics and astronomy consistent with the biblical revelation of special, recent, fiat, complete creation of the universe.