Challenge Your Scientific Thinking
43 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between observation and inference in science?

  • Observation refers to observable facts, while inference refers to interpretations of those facts. (correct)
  • Observation and inference are interchangeable terms in science.
  • Observation and inference are both interpretations of facts.
  • Observation refers to interpretations of facts, while inference refers to observable facts.

    • What is reification in science?

  • The interpretation of constructs.
  • The belief that observations are facts.
  • The belief that constructs are facts. (correct)
  • The interpretation of facts.

    • What is the difference between inductive and deductive thinking in science?

  • Inductive thinking starts with a theory and tests it, while deductive thinking starts with specific instances and tries to come up with a theory to explain them.
  • Inductive and deductive thinking are interchangeable terms in science.
  • Inductive and deductive thinking both start with a theory.
  • Inductive thinking starts with specific instances and tries to come up with a theory to explain them, while deductive thinking starts with a theory and tests it. (correct)

    • What is a key requirement for a theory in science?

    <p>It must be testable and falsifiable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the seven phases of research?

    <p>Idea generation, problem definition, procedures design, observation, data analysis, interpretation, and evaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between correlational and experimental research in science?

    <p>Correlational research looks at the relationship between two or more variables and cannot establish causation, while experimental research can establish cause and effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the case study approach in research?

    <p>It is used to study rare situations or conditions that don't necessarily apply to everybody.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between differential and observational research in science?

    <p>Differential research involves comparing pre-existing groups, while observational research involves randomly assigning people to groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of communication in scientific research?

    <p>Communication of research can set one's resume apart from others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about constructs in science?

    <p>They are interpretations of observable facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between inductive and deductive thinking?

    <p>Inductive thinking starts with specific instances and tries to come up with a theory to explain them, while deductive thinking starts with a theory and tests it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be true of theories in science?

    <p>They must be falsifiable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the seven phases of research?

    <p>To provide a framework for conducting research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of constraint in naturalistic observation?

    <p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the case study approach useful for?

    <p>Studying rare situations or conditions that don't necessarily apply to everybody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of survey research in conjunction with the correlational approach?

    <p>To look at the relationship between two or more variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is communication of research important?

    <p>To explain the results of research in various ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between naturalistic observation and experiment in research?

    <p>Naturalistic observation is less controlled than experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between inductive and deductive thinking in science?

    <p>Inductive thinking starts with specific instances and tries to come up with a theory to explain them, while deductive thinking starts with a theory and tests it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of correlational research in science?

    <p>To look at the relationship between two or more variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of differential research in science?

    <p>To compare pre-existing groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of survey research in science?

    <p>To gather data on people's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of ethical considerations in research?

    <p>To ensure the safety and well-being of participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of case study approach in research?

    <p>To study rare situations or conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of data analysis in research?

    <p>To compute statistics to make sense of the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key requirement for a theory in psychological research?

    <p>It must be falsifiable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between naturalistic observation and experimental research in psychology?

    <p>Experimental research involves manipulating variables, while naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in natural settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the procedures design phase in psychological research?

    <p>To translate research ideas into testable hypotheses and plan each step of the research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between inductive and deductive thinking in psychology?

    <p>Inductive thinking moves from general theories to predict specific instances, while deductive thinking moves from specific instances to general theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between facts and constructs in psychology?

    <p>Facts are observable events, while constructs are inferred from observations and used as if they really exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of communication in psychological research?

    <p>It allows others to judge, build on, or challenge the work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between case-study research and correlational research in psychology?

    <p>Case-study research involves in-depth analysis of a single individual or group, while correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between idea generation and problem definition in psychological research?

    <p>Idea generation involves generating research ideas, while problem definition involves critically evaluating those ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between observation and inference in psychology?

    <p>Observation involves gathering data, while inference involves making assumptions about behavior based on that data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the problem definition phase in psychological research?

    <p>To evaluate research ideas critically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central activity of scientific research?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between naturalistic observation and experimental research?

    <p>Experimental research involves manipulating variables, while naturalistic observation does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of scientific theories in organizing and predicting data?

    <p>They help organize and predict data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between inductive and deductive thinking in psychological research?

    <p>Inductive thinking moves from specific instances to general theories, while deductive thinking moves from general theories to predict specific instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of communication in psychological research?

    <p>To allow others to judge, build on, or challenge the work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between facts and constructs in psychological research?

    <p>Facts are observable events, while constructs are inferred from observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of constraint in differential research?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the procedures design phase in psychological research?

    <p>To translate research ideas into testable hypotheses and plan each step of the research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Process and Scientific Thinking

    • Science assumes there is a physical universe with order that can be discovered through research.

    • Ideas in science are tentative and subject to change with new information.

    • Observation refers to observable facts, while inferences are interpretations of those facts.

    • Constructs are ideas not easily observed, and reification refers to believing constructs as facts.

    • Inductive thinking starts with specific instances and tries to come up with a theory to explain them, while deductive thinking starts with a theory and tests it.

    • Theories in science must be testable and falsifiable.

    • The seven phases of research are idea generation, problem definition, procedures design, observation, data analysis, interpretation, and evaluation.

    • Correlational research using surveys will be used for the course project with college students as the sample.

    • Ethical considerations must be taken into account when designing and conducting research.

    • Data analysis involves computing statistics to make sense of the results.

    • Interpretation involves making sense of the results and relating them to the research questions.

    • Results may not always match the initial hypotheses, and it is the researcher's job to explain why.Research Methods and Communication

    • Women are more open to the idea that dreams have meaning compared to men on average.

    • The person who signs up for a study is usually the female in the relationship.

    • Results of research can be explained in various ways, and communication of research is important.

    • Presenting research at conferences and publishing work in journals or books can set one's resume apart from others.

    • Level of constraint refers to how much control one has in research, with naturalistic observation being the least controlled and experiment being the most controlled.

    • Observational research involves going out into the natural environment without any attempt to control someone's behavior.

    • Case study approach is useful in studying rare situations or conditions that don't necessarily apply to everybody.

    • Correlational research looks at the relationship between two or more variables and cannot be used to establish causation.

    • Differential research involves comparing pre-existing groups, while the experimental approach involves randomly assigning people to groups and allows for the establishment of cause and effect.

    • Survey research is often used in conjunction with the correlational approach.

    • Worksheets on inference versus observation and faulty thinking should be completed.

    • Brainstorm and refine topics, and reach out for help if needed.

    Research Process and Scientific Thinking

    • Science assumes there is a physical universe with order that can be discovered through research.

    • Ideas in science are tentative and subject to change with new information.

    • Observation refers to observable facts, while inferences are interpretations of those facts.

    • Constructs are ideas not easily observed, and reification refers to believing constructs as facts.

    • Inductive thinking starts with specific instances and tries to come up with a theory to explain them, while deductive thinking starts with a theory and tests it.

    • Theories in science must be testable and falsifiable.

    • The seven phases of research are idea generation, problem definition, procedures design, observation, data analysis, interpretation, and evaluation.

    • Correlational research using surveys will be used for the course project with college students as the sample.

    • Ethical considerations must be taken into account when designing and conducting research.

    • Data analysis involves computing statistics to make sense of the results.

    • Interpretation involves making sense of the results and relating them to the research questions.

    • Results may not always match the initial hypotheses, and it is the researcher's job to explain why.Research Methods and Communication

    • Women are more open to the idea that dreams have meaning compared to men on average.

    • The person who signs up for a study is usually the female in the relationship.

    • Results of research can be explained in various ways, and communication of research is important.

    • Presenting research at conferences and publishing work in journals or books can set one's resume apart from others.

    • Level of constraint refers to how much control one has in research, with naturalistic observation being the least controlled and experiment being the most controlled.

    • Observational research involves going out into the natural environment without any attempt to control someone's behavior.

    • Case study approach is useful in studying rare situations or conditions that don't necessarily apply to everybody.

    • Correlational research looks at the relationship between two or more variables and cannot be used to establish causation.

    • Differential research involves comparing pre-existing groups, while the experimental approach involves randomly assigning people to groups and allows for the establishment of cause and effect.

    • Survey research is often used in conjunction with the correlational approach.

    • Worksheets on inference versus observation and faulty thinking should be completed.

    • Brainstorm and refine topics, and reach out for help if needed.

    Basic Assumptions and Phases of Psychological Research

    • Science is based on assumptions that include the existence of a physical universe that is orderly and discoverable through observation and inference.
    • Facts in psychology are observable events, while constructs are inferred from observations and used as if they really exist.
    • Inductive thinking moves from specific instances to general theories, while deductive thinking moves from general theories to predict specific instances.
    • Scientific theories must be testable and falsifiable, and they help organize and predict data.
    • The phases of research include idea generation, problem definition, procedures design, observation, data analysis, interpretation, and communication.
    • Ideas for research can come from personal interests or the work of others, and they should be critically evaluated in the problem definition phase.
    • The procedures design phase involves translating research ideas into testable hypotheses and planning each step of the research process, while considering ethical issues.
    • The observation phase is the central activity of scientific research, where data is gathered to answer the research questions.
    • The data analysis phase involves evaluating the data using statistical procedures that were selected in the procedures design phase.
    • Interpreting the results of the study involves making sense of the statistical findings and considering other possible interpretations of the data.
    • Communication of research is important for allowing others to judge, build on, or challenge the work, and this can be done through conference presentations or publishing in journals or books.
    • Levels of constraint in psychological research range from naturalistic observation, case-study research, and correlational research, to differential research and experimental research, which involves the highest level of constraint.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Research Methods: Chapter 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on research methods and scientific thinking with this quiz! From the basics of observation and inference, to the different types of research methods and their applications, this quiz will challenge your understanding. Learn about the seven phases of research, ethical considerations, and the importance of communication in presenting research. With a focus on deductive and inductive thinking, data analysis, and interpretation, this quiz will help you develop your skills in scientific thinking and research.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser