Chain of Infection Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Microorganisms on the skin are either resident flora or transient flora. Resident flora are permanent residents of the skin and within the body, where they survive and multiply without causing illness. Transient flora are:

  • permanent residents of the skin and within the body
  • not permanent residents of the skin and within the body (correct)
  • only found in the body
  • only found on the skin

Resident skin microorganisms are not virulent. However, they can cause serious disease depending on the number of microorganisms present, their virulence, or ability to enter and survive in a host, and the susceptibility of the host.

True (A)

What is the classification for microorganisms that can cause a serious infection when surgery or invasive procedures allow them to enter deep tissues or when a patient is severely immunocompromised?

Transient flora

What are the common causative organisms for Bronchitis?

<p>S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, respiratory viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common causative organism for Device-related infections?

<p>Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium sp. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causative organisms for Empyema?

<p>S. aureus, streptococci, anaerobes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causative organisms for Endocarditis?

<p>S. aureus, streptococci, anaerobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common causative organism for Gastroenteritis?

<p>Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter sp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causative organisms for Meningitis?

<p>E. coli O157:H7, viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causative organisms for Pelvic inflammatory disease?

<p>H. influenzae, N. meningitides, S. pneumoniae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causative organisms for Pneumonia (community)?

<p>S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, respiratory viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common causative organism for Pneumonia (health care-associated)?

<p>S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common causative organism for Osteomyelitis?

<p>Pseudomonas sp., S. aureus, Enterobacteriaceae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common causative organism for Septic arthritis?

<p>S. aureus, N. gonorrhoeae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causative organisms for Septicemia?

<p>S. aureus, N. gonorrhoeae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common causative organism for Skin infections?

<p>S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, S. aureus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common causative organism for Urinary tract infections?

<p>S. aureus, S. pyogenes, Candida sp., dermatophytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chain of Infection

A series of steps that lead to infection: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and host.

Infectious Agent

Microorganisms that can cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Resident Flora

Microorganisms that are permanent residents of the body and do not usually cause disease.

Transient Flora

Temporary microorganisms that come and go, can cause infection under certain conditions.

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Virulence

The ability of an organism to cause disease.

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Portal of Exit

The path through which an infectious agent leaves its reservoir.

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Mode of Transmission

How the infectious agent is spread from one host to another.

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Portal of Entry

The way an infectious agent enters a new host.

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Susceptible Host

An individual who is at risk for infection due to various factors.

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Incubation Period

Time between pathogen entry and the appearance of first symptoms.

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Prodromal Stage

Initial phase with nonspecific symptoms before specific illness symptoms appear.

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Illness Stage

The period when specific symptoms of an infection show up.

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Convalescence

The recovery phase after acute symptoms subside.

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Localized Infection

Infections contained to a specific area of the body.

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Systemic Infection

Infections that affect the whole body and can be severe.

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Normal Flora

Beneficial microorganisms that help protect against infection.

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Body System Defenses

Physical and immune barriers that protect against infections.

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Inflammation

The body's response to injury or infection causing redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

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Healthcare-Associated Infections

Infections acquired during medical treatment or health care delivery.

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Antibiotic Resistance

When bacteria evolve to resist antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.

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Contagious Period

Time frame when a person with an infection can spread it to others.

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Microorganism Growth

The replication process of microorganisms that can lead to infection.

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Immunocompromised

A state where a person's immune system is weakened or less effective.

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Environmental Controls

Measures taken to reduce the risk of infection spread in health settings.

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Infection Symptoms

Signs indicating the presence of an infection like fever or swelling.

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Epidemic

An outbreak of an infectious disease in a community at a specific time.

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Pre-existing Diseases

Existing health conditions that increase susceptibility to infections.

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Study Notes

Chain of Infection

  • A cyclical process with steps including infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and host.

Infectious Agent

  • Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa
  • Can be resident or transient flora.
  • Resident organisms are permanent, and transient organisms are temporary.
  • Present on skin and multiply without causing illness.
  • Ability to cause disease depends on the number entering the host and virulence/ability to survive
  • The potential for microorganism disease depends on ability to enter and survive in a host.
  • Resident skin microorganisms are not virulent, but can cause infection when a patient is severely immunocompromised.

Table 28.1 - Infections and Common Causative Organisms

  • Provides common causative organisms by infection site.
  • Example: Bronchitis - S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, respiratory viruses
  • Example: Device-related - Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium sp.
  • Example: Endocarditis - S. viridans, S. aureus, Enterococci

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